Class notes

Geomatics and Measurement in Civil Engineering

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Course
CVL 352

Institution
Ryerson University (Ru )

Detailed study of modern surveying instruments such as total stations, GPS, GNSS, and laser scanners. Instruction on methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing spatial data.

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Uploaded on January 14, 2024
Number of pages 6
Written in 2021/2022
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Professor michael chapman
Contains All classes

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LECTURE 3 (CH13-15)
GPS AND RECEIVERS
 GPS: Global positioning system
 GNSS: Global navigation satellite systems is entire satellite system
 Broken into 3 parts
o Space segment:
 Consists of 24 satellites operating in 6 orbit planes spaced at 60 degree
intervals around equator
 Orbital planes inclined to equator at 55 degree
 4 additional satellites held as spares



o Control segment
 Monitoring stations: monitor signals and track positions of satellites over time
 4 of these stations
 Colorado Springs, Ascension, Diego Garcia, and Kwajalein
 Information relayed to master control station in Air force base

o User segment
 Consists of 2 categories of receivers
 Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
 Precise Positioning Service (PPS)
 Calculating Frequency



GPS MEASUREMENTS
Reference Coordinate Systems:
o To determine the positions of points on Earth from satellite observations, 3 reference
coordinate systems needed

, i. Space related satellite reference coordinate systems: positions at the instant they are
observed
1. 3 Dimensional rectangular systems defined by satellite system
ii. The 3 dimensional rectangular coordinates then transformed into 3-dimensional
rectangular geocentric coordinate system (physically related to Earth's measurements)
iii. Then geocentric coordinates transformed into geodetic coordinate systems
o First set of coordinates:
 Satellite reference coordinates: Xs, Ys, Zs
 Reference axis Xs
 Origin of Xs, Ys, and Zs coordinate systems is at G
 Ys axis is the mean orbital plane
 Zs axis is perpendicular to Xs-Ys plane



 Satellite at position S1: Coordinates of Xs1, Ys1, Zs1



o Second set of coordinates:
 Gives a frame of reference relative to Earth
 Geocentric coordinate system
 Coordinates Xe, Ye, Ze
 Superimposed on an ellipsoid
 X axis passes through prime meridian
 Origin center at mass center of Earth
 Converting from Satellite coordinates to geocentric coordinates:
 Requires 4 angular parameters
 Inclination angle , 'i': angle between orbital plane and Earth's equator
plane

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