Exam (elaborations)
Biochemistry Final Exam: UNE CHEM 1005 (Weeks 9-15) – Q’s And A’s
- Course
- UNE Biochemistry
- Institution
- UNE Biochemistry
Biochemistry Final Exam: UNE CHEM 1005 (Weeks 9-15) – Q’s And A’s
[Show more]
Content preview
Biochemistry Final Exam: UNE CHEM 1005 (Weeks 9-15) – Q’s And A’s
Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis vs. Oxidation Correct Ans - When
Insulin is HIGH --> fatty acid synthesis occurs
When Glucagon is HIGH --> lipolysis, fatty acid B-oxidation, ketogenesis
occur
**These never happen at the same time!
Lipolysis Correct Ans - Process of releasing free fatty acids from
triacylglycerols stored in the adipose IN THE FASTED STATE
Steps of lipolysis Correct Ans - 1) Hormone Sensitive Lipase:
activated by glucagon and epinephrine
TAGs are hydrolyzed into FFAs and glycerol (inhibited by insulin)
2) Long chain FFAs travel bound to albumin to peripheral tissues to be used
as energy source
3) Glycerol travels to liver to be used as gluconeogenesis substrate
4) Acyl-CoA Synthetase: can reconvert FFAs to acyl-CoA to be used for re-
esterification in the adipose (continuous cycle of lipolysis & re-
esterification)
Beta Oxidation Correct Ans - Process of generating acetyl-CoA,
NADH, and FADH2 from the oxidation of FFAs taken up by peripheral
tissues (mostly liver & skel. muscle tissue).
Happens in mitochondria. Long chain FFAs cannot cross the mito
membrane, so a transport system is in place.
Ketogenesis Correct Ans - Process of generating ketones from
excess acteyl-CoA produced from Beta-Oxidation
Mitochondrial pathway
Ketones can be used as fuel by other tissues but cannot be oxidized by...
Correct Ans - The liver.
, Skeletal muscle can oxidize ketones.
The brain will oxidize ketones when starving.
Ketogenesis is regulated by... Correct Ans - 1) Activity of lipolysis
2) Cytosolic levels of malonyl-CoA (which inhibit CPTI)
3) Flux through the TCA depending on NADH levels & concentration of
intermediates (especially OAA)
Ketoacidosis can occur from prolonged ketogenesis, such as... Correct
Ans - During starvation and uncontrolled diabetes
Important connections between Beta-Oxidation and other pathways
Correct Ans - 1) It supplies high levels of ATP in the fasted state
2) ATP is required for both process of glucose synthesis via
gluconeogenesis & nitrogen disposal via the urea cycle
3) deficiencies in beta-oxidation can result in hypoglycemia due to inability
to support glucose synthesis (such as CPTI deficiency, or medium chain
acyl-dehydrogenase deficiency)
Fatty Acid Synthesis: Activators & Inhibitors Correct Ans -
Activated by insulin
Inhibited by glucagon
Fatty acid synthesis takes place in the... Correct Ans - Cytosol
Fatty acid synthesis: what occurs in the mitochondria? Correct Ans -
Substrates need to be shuttled out of the mitochondria
In the mito:
-Acetyl-CoA and OAA in the mito --> citrate
-Tricarboxylate transporter --> removes excess citrate from the mito
Fatty acid elongation Correct Ans - Requires malonyl-CoA, fatty
acyl-CoA and NADPH.
This pathway determines the chain length for fatty acids (medium, long,
etc.)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Studycafe. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$21.58. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now