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Gmat exam with answers Critical reasoning 2024 UPDATE

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Gmat exam with answers Critical reasoning 2024 UPDATE Gmat exam with answers Critical reasoning 1- A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion. The mayor reasons that, sinc...

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Critical reasoning

1- A certain mayor has proposed a fee of five dollars per day on private vehicles entering
the city, claiming that the fee will alleviate the city's traffic congestion. The mayor
reasons that, since the fee will exceed the cost of round-trip bus fare from many
nearby points, many people will switch from using their cars to using the bus.

Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the
mayor's reasoning is flawed?

(A) Projected increases in the price of gasoline will increase the cost of taking private
vehicle into the city.

(B) The cost of parking fees already makes it considerable more expensive for most
people to take a private vehicle into the city than to take a bus.

(C) Most of the people currently riding the bus do not own private vehicles.

(D) Many commuters opposing the mayor's plan have indicated that they would rather
endure traffic congestion than pay a five dollar per day fee.

(E) During the average workday, private vehicles owned and operated by people living
within the city account for twenty percent of the city's traffic congestion.

2- Which of the following best completes the passage below?

At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating
countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific
environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What
must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that
.

(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay

(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental
damage

Quick Fail Exam ☺

, (C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of
effluents

(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at
present

(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible

3- Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Leaf beetles damage willow trees by stripping away their leaves, but a combination of
parasites and predators generally keeps populations of these beetles in check.
Researchers have found that severe air pollution results in reduced predator
populations. The parasites, by contrast, are not adversely affected by pollution;
nevertheless, the researchers’ discovery probably does explain why leaf beetles cause
particularly severe damage to willows in areas with severe air pollution, since .

(A) neither the predators nor the parasites of leaf beetles themselves attack willow
trees

(B) the parasites that attack leaf beetles actually tend to be more prevalent in areas with
severe air pollution than they are elsewhere

(C) the damage caused by leaf beetles is usually not enough to kill a willow tree outright

(D) where air pollution is not especially severe, predators have much more impact on
leaf-beetle populations than parasites do

(E) willows often grow in areas where air pollution is especially severe

4- On May first, in order to reduce the number of overdue books, a children’s library
instituted a policy of forgiving fines and giving bookmarks to children returning all of
their overdue books. On July first there were twice as many overdue books as there
had been on May first, although a record number of books had been returned
during the interim.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the apparent inconsistency in the
results of the library’s policy?

Quick Fail Exam ☺

, (A) The librarians did not keep accurate records of how many children took advantage
of the grace period, and some of the children returning overdue books did not return all
oftheir overdue books.

(B) Although the grace period enticed some children to return all of their overdue
books, it did not convince all of the children with overdue books to return all of their
books.

(C) The bookmarks became popular among the children, so in order to collect the
bookmarks, many children borrowed many more books than they usually did and kept
them past their due date.

(D) The children were allowed to borrow a maximum of five books for a two-week
period, and hence each child could keep a maximum of fifteen books beyond their due
date within a two-month period.

(E) Although the library forgave overdue fines during the grace period, the amount
previously charged the children was minimal; hence, the forgiveness of the fines did not
provide enough incentive for them to return their overdue books.

5- An eyeglass manufacturer tried to boost sales for the summer quarter by offering its
distributors a special discount if their orders for that quarter exceeded those for last
year's summer quarter by at least 20 percent. Many distributors qualified for this
discount. Even with much merchandise discounted, sales increased enough to produce
a healthy gain in net profits. The manufacturer plans to repeat this success by offering
the same sort of discount for the fall quarter.

Which of the following, if true, most clearly points to a flaw in the manufacturer's plan
to repeat the successful performance of the summer quarter?

(A) In general, a distributor's orders for the summer quarter are no higher than those for
the spring quarter.
(B) Along with offering special discounts to qualifying distributors, the manufacturer
increased newspaper and radio advertising in those distributors' sales areas.
(C) The distributors most likely to qualify for the manufacturer's special discount are
those whose orders were unusually low a year earlier.
(D) The distributors who qualified for the manufacturer's special discount were free to
decide how much of that discount to pass on to their own customers.
(E) The distributors') ‫االخية‬
‫ر‬ ( ordering more goods in the summer quarter left them
overstocked for the fall quarter.

Quick Fail Exam ☺

, 6- To evaluate a plan to save money on office space expenditures by having its
employees work at home, XYZ Company asked volunteers from its staff to try the
assignment for six months. During this period, the productivity of these employees
was as high or higher than before.

Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding on the
basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?

(A) The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the
company's most self-motivated and independent workers.
(B) The savings that would accrue from reduced office-space expenditures alone would
be sufficient to justify the arrangement for the company.
(C) Other companies that have achieved successful results from work-at-home plans
have work forces that are substantially lower than that of XYZ.
(D) The volunteers who worked at home were able to communicate with other
employees as necessary for performing at work.
(E) Minor changes in the way office work is organized at XYZ would yield increases in
employee productivity similar to those achieved in the trial

7- Boreal owls range over a much larger area than do other owls of similar size. The
reason for this behavior is that the small mammals on which owls feed are especially
scarce in the forests where boreal owls live, and the relative scarcity of prey requires
the owls to range more extensively to find sufficient food.

Which of the following ,if true, most helps to confirm the explanation above?

(A) Some boreal owls range over an area eight times larger than the area over which any
other owl of similar size ranges.

(B) Boreal owls range over larger areas in regions where food of the sort eaten by small
mammals is sparse than they do in regions where such food is abundant

(C) After their young hatch, boreal owls must hunt more often than before in order to
feed both themselves and their newly hatched young.

(D) Sometimes individual boreal owls hunt near a single location for many weeks at a
time and do not range rather than a few hundred yards.

(E) The boreal owl requires less food, relative to its weight, than is required by members
of other owl species.

Quick Fail Exam ☺

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