Exam (elaborations)
Human Movement Midterm USAHS – Q’s And A’s
Human Movement Midterm USAHS – Q’s And A’s
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Human Movement Midterm USAHS – Q’s And A’sMovement ✔️Ans - fundamental aspect of occupational participation.
Movement control: ✔️Ans - interactions between individual, task and
the environment.
Environmental ✔️Ans - CNS must be able to analyze activity being
performed in order to effectively plan task specific movements. Can be
divided into non-regulatory & regulatory.
Non-regulatory: ✔️Ans - Distractions such as background noise,
changing lighting. Performance may be affected by these factors but
movement does not have to conform to this. As an OT, you may adjust non
regulatory environmental factors to enhance your clients performance. Golf
match example, just before the player walks to the T box, they shush the
crowd. These people are limiting the non-regulatory feature of background
noise to help the player maximize performance.
Regulatory: ✔️Ans - size, shape, weight of an object being lifted or the
type of terrain in which a person is walking. Task specific movements must
conform to regulatory environmental factors in order for an individual to
be able to successfully participate in activities. Person lifting a box, how
would the person respond differently if the box was heavier or lighter?
Maybe the task involves pushing rather than lifting? Both of these changes
affect an individual's movement response.
Individual ✔️Ans - Motor actions systems, sensory perceptual, and
cognitive systems all affect functional motor control. Important to
understand the individual systems underlying motor control to help clients
improve occupational performance and participation even with impaired
movement.
Motor action: ✔️Ans - Elbow flexion, forearm supination which happens
due to contraction of biceps brachii and brachialis muscle innervated by
musculocutaneous nerve which is a peripheral nerve, a terminal branch of
brachial plexus which originated from nerve roots. Consider how CNS and
PNS work together as the initial desire to eat comes from your brain.
, Cognition: ✔️Ans - Attention, planning, problem solving, motivation, and
emotion are cognitive processes involved in motor control.
Sensory/Perception: ✔️Ans - Incoming afferent info is interpreted and
given meaning through perception which is done by higher level processing
and our peripheral nervous system.
Task: ✔️Ans - Affects neurological organization of motor plan being
executed. Degree of monitoring is also due to tasks being performed.
Tennis is dynamic and requires ever changing responses, reaching in a
cabinet is less dynamic but still requires weight shifting and balance.
Subsections of task include mobility, postural control, and upper extremity
function.
Discrete Movement ✔️Ans - definite beginning and end, you know when
the task begins and when it's over. Many tasks you'll perform with clients
will be this type. Transfers, kicking a ball, etc.
Continuous movement ✔️Ans - do not have a definite end. Person
performing the task must decide when to stop. Running, riding a bike, etc.
Consideration for discrete V continuous movements include impulsivity
and cognitive status. Clients must have an understanding of when to start
and stop. Transfer example from book. Continuous movements involve the
same concept, but also related to endurance of task
Closed movement ✔️Ans - Occur in a relatively fixed and predictable
environment.
Teeiing off and hitting a ball, looking for consistency of movement. Uses a
limited number of movement patterns and skills can be planned in advance.
Closed movements are best to practice initially in therapy, as it requires
less flexibility. Gradual progressing to an open movement.
Open Movement ✔️Ans - require many different movement patterns.
VOLLEYBALL!!!! Participants must constantly adapt to an unpredictable
environment.
Stability ✔️Ans - non moving base of support either sitting or standing.
Sitting or standing is a stability task.
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