Summary

PSL301 Blood Summary Notes

88 views 3 purchases

Course
PSL301 (PSL300)

Institution
University Of Toronto (U Of T )

Complete and in-depth Notes for PSL300 for EXAM prep. Kevin has combined notes from his peers and his own work to provide the most complete and comprehensive study guide for all types of students. He has achieved an overall cumulative GPA of 3.95 during his undergrad at the University of Toronto St...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 29 pages

View example

Uploaded on June 10, 2018
Number of pages 29
Written in 2017/2018
Type Summary

KevinHwang Member since 6 year 46 documents sold

CA$18.08

Added

Add to cart Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Lec 1: Intro and Red Blood Cells

Functions of Blood
 Transports gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes
 Regulates composition of interstitial fluid (e.g. pH, ions, water, etc)
 Restricts fluid loss at entry sites via blood clotting
 Defends against toxins and pathogens
 Regulates body T by absorbing and redistributing heat depending where in the body
blood goes
Constituents of Blood
 Hematocrit = % of total blood volume occupied by packed centrifuged red blood
cell, WBC, and platelets (normal “Formed Element”: 37~54%)
 Plasma = the rest of the blood, mainly water (92%) along with other ions, organic
molecules including a.a., proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen), lipids, nitrogenous
waste), trace elements and vitamins, and gases
o Post plasma proteins made by liver
Functions of Plasma Proteins
- general: generate colloid osmotic pressure
o i.e. provide osmotic active particles to keep fluid in blood stream
o buffer pH (H+ binds to the a.a. of proteins and act as buffer)
- specific:
o albumins: colloid osmotic pressure; carriers of hormones & other
organic molecules; most abundant
o globulins: group of proteins that run in sections (a, B, y) in gel
 Alpha & Beta: clotting factors, enzymes, carriers
 Gamma: antibodies
o Fibrinogen: forms fibrin for blood clotting
Formed Elements
- 99.9% = RBC = Erythrocytes
- 0.1% = WBC = leukocytes
- Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
o Monocytes & Neutrophils considered ‘phagocytes’
o Neutrophils & Eosinophils & Basophils considered ‘granulocytes’ due to
the granules & vesicles
o the relative ratio / number of leukocytes can give an idea for possible illness
- rest = platelets = thrombocytes

Origin of Cells in blood
- embryo  yolk sac, liver, and bone marrow

, - after birth  bone marrow (inside the bone)
o surrounds the central sinuses, stroma of marrow,
and nutrient artery o in pelvis, spine, ribs, cranium,
proximal end long bones (thigh bones)

- 1/10,000 cells: pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
- uncommitted stem cellcommitted progenitor cells OR
lymphocyte stem cells(look diagram)
- In bone marrow, 25% are developing RBC, and 75% are developing
WBC
- Immature blood cells matures fully as it enters circulation
(examples…)
o Reticulocyte  erythrocyte
o Megakaryocyte  platelets
- Regulation by Cytokines (the growth/ differential factors)
o Colony Stimulating factors (CSF): from endothelial cells and
WBC
 Ex. G-CSF (granulocyte CSF) for neutrophil and monocyte
 G-CSF used in clinical setting during
chemotherapy to increase the number of
neutrophils and help the immune system
o Interleukins: from WBCs
 The two affect survival, proliferation and
differentiation of different cell types
o Erythropoietin (EPO): stimulates erythrocytes;
made in kidney o Thrombopoietin (TPO):
stimulates megakaryocytes; made in liver

Red Blood Cells
- ‘cells’ / bags filled with hemoglobin and enzymes
- functions by anaerobic metabolism
- no nucleus = no new transcription
- life span: 120 days
- 5 x 10^12 cells/L of blood
- contains Hemoglobin (four polypeptides with a heme group + iron)
- changes shapes to fit into small capillaries

, - 2~3 million/second made in the body
- “Erythropoiesis” regulated by EPO
o EPO synthesized and released from kidney, bit in liver in
response to low O2
o Nucleus pinches off and mitochondria & ER break down
o Proerythroblast  Polychromatophlic erythroblast
 Normoblast  Reticulocyte (enters circulation)
 Mature erythrocytes
- Removal
o Engulfed by Macrophages in spleen, liver, bone marrow
o Heme broken down to Bilirubin, Iron recycled

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KevinHwang. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$18.08. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

60434 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Summary

PSL301 Blood Summary Notes

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview