AQA A-level HISTORY 7042/2Q Component 2Q The American Dream: reality and illusion, 1945–1980 Version: 1.0 Final IB/M/Jun23/E3 7042/2Q A-level HISTORY/ QUESTION PAPER & MARKING SCHEME/ [MERGED] Mark scheme June 2023

AQA A-level HISTORY 7042/2Q Component 2Q The American Dream: reality and illusion, 1945–1980 Version: 1.0 Final IB/M/Jun23/E3 7042/2Q A-level HISTORY Component 2Q The American Dream: reality and illusion, 1945–1980 Friday 9 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/2Q. • Answer three questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer two questions. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 80. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A – 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B. 2 IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a report of a speech by Jesse Jackson to the Republican Party, in the New York Times, 21 January 1978. This left-leaning newspaper is renowned for high journalistic standards. ‘Blacks will vote Republican if Republicans will go after their votes and look after their interests’, the Rev Jesse L Jackson told the Republican National Committee today. A standing ovation greeted the message from the Chicago‐based civil rights leader, who had been invited before the committee as part of an effort by the Republican national chairman, Bill Brock, to reverse the devastating decline in the party’s share of black votes. Mr Jackson preached self‐help and warned of moral decay, even as he invited Republican competition for black votes and argued that blacks should register as Republicans so they could, ‘broaden our political options and avoid being taken for granted by the Democrats’. Mr Jackson said that the Republicans had lost some black votes in 1976, perhaps enough to cost them the election, ‘because they simply did not go after them’. He warned, ‘The Republican Party needs black people if it is to ever compete for national office – or, in fact, to keep it from becoming an extinct party’. 5 10 Source B From an article in the Christian Science Monitor, 26 August 1980. This newspaper had a reputation for being non-religious and non-sensationalist. It won five Pulitzer prizes between 1945 and 1980. It is extraordinary that the Ku Klux Klan has resurfaced to the point that America’s main political parties have had to reject it. Klan membership has risen from 6 500 to 10 500 in the past five years and, in June, over 32 300 southern Californians voted for Klansman, Tom Metzger, who campaigned to aid ‘white working people’, as the Democratic nominee for the 43rd congressional district. Local Democrat officials renounced their support saying, ‘he is against everything the Democratic Party stands for’. Next it was the Republicans’ turn to try to avoid guilt by association with the Klan. The problem arose when the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, the biggest, most militant Klan group, endorsed Ronald Reagan declaring ‘the Republican platform reads as if it were written by a Klansman’, citing such points as Reagan’s opposition to gun control, generous welfare payments and to ‘forced busing’. Mr Reagan rejected the endorsement, saying, ‘I have no tolerance for the Klan and I want nothing to do with it’. 5 10 3 IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q Turn over ► Source C From a US Population Bulletin on 1980, published by a commercial non-profit organisation, December 1982. This academic organisation specialised in compiling statistics on the health and structure of populations. Blacks numbered 11.7% of the total population in 1980, with 85% residing in urban areas compared to 71% of whites. Some suburbanization is occurring among blacks but the majority remain segregated in cities. In the 1970s, more blacks moved into the South than moved out in a reversal of the historic pattern. Blacks have shared the baby boom but teenage and out-of-wedlock fertility, as well as overall fertility, remain much higher than for whites. Black infant mortality is still double that of whites and life expectancy is 6 years shorter. Divorce and separation have risen faster for blacks than whites. Many of these gaps are related to blacks’ continuing socio-economic disadvantages: average family income is 56% that of whites; the poverty rate is 3.5 times higher; unemployment is twice as high. Occupational status has improved for blacks and their educational attainment is now close to that of whites, but these gains may be slowed and income differentials unimproved if the current administration’s reversal of socio-economic policy remains unchanged. 5 10 0 1 With reference to these sources and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these three sources to an historian studying the position of African-Americans in US society in the years 1978 to 1980. [30 marks] Turn over for Section B 4 IB/M/Jun23/7042/2Q Section B Answer two questions. 0 2 ‘The biggest problem facing Truman in the first three years of his Presidency was dealing with the economic legacy of the war.’ Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks] 0 3 ‘President Kennedy’s economic and social policies were a great success.’ Assess the validity of this view. [25 marks] 0 4 To what extent was Kissinger responsible for the direction of US foreign policy in the years 1969 to 1976? [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. *236A7042/2Q* A-level HISTORY 7042/2Q Component 2Q The American Dream: reality and illusion, 1945–1980 Mark scheme June 2023 Version: 1.0 Final *236A7042/2Q/MS* MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/2Q – JUNE 2023 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/2Q – JUNE 2023 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. Step 1 Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity, you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level, you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly Level 3 with a small amount of Level 4 material it would be placed in Level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the Level 4 content. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example. You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cov