Exam (elaborations)
NUFT 204 - Cardiovascular Assessment: Questions & Answers
NUFT 204 - Cardiovascular Assessment: Questions & Answers
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NUFT 204 - Cardiovascular Assessment: Questions & Answers1. What structures take blood away from the heart to the body?: Arteries
2. What structures take blood back to the heart from the body?: Veins
3. What type of system are arteries and veins part of?: Closed system
4. What makes valves open and close?: Pressure
5. Describe the blood flow through the heart.: SVC/IVC —> RA —> RV
—-> lungs —> LA —-> LV —> body
6. What valve allows blood to enter the RV from the RA?: Tricuspid valve
7. What valve allows blood to enter the lungs via the pulmonary artery
from the RV?: Pulmonary valve
8. What valve allows blood to enter the LV from the LA?: Mitral valve
9. What structure brings blood to the LA from the lungs?: Pulmonary vein
10.What valve allows blood to go to the body via the aorta from the LV?:
Aortic valve
11.What is the role of the SVC and IVC?: Bring deoxygenated blood from
the body to the heart to get oxygenated by the lungs
12.What occurs during systole?: 1. Atria are filling
2.Ventricles are contracting (considered pumping phase)
3.Tricuspid and mitral valves close (S1 - lub sound)
4. Blood is going to the lungs and body from the ventricles
5. Occurs slightly later in R side (only like a millisecond)
6. Pressure in R side is lower
13.Why is pressure always more on L side than R side?: Because L side
needs to pump blood to the body
14.What occurs during diastole?: 1. Ventricles are relaxed due to filling
(aka filling phase)
2. Pulmonic and aortic valves close (S2 - Dub sound)
15.Which valves of the heart are considered atrioventricular valves?:
Tricuspid and mitral valves
16.Which valves of the heart are considered semilunar valves?: Pulmonic
and aortic valves
17.The heart is supplied by which 2 branches of the autonomic nervous
sys- tem? Which branch decreases rate and which increases rate?: 1.
Sympathetic (aka adrenergic)
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, NUFT 204 - Cardiovascular Assessment: Questions & Answers
-increases heart rate
2. Parasympathetic (aka cholinergic)
-decreases heart rate
18.What determines the rate and strength of one's pulse?: Electrical
impulses sent to the heart by the brain
19.What are the 6 anatomical landmarks for a cardiac assessment?: Aortic
(R 2nd ICS)
Pulmonic (L 2nd
ICS) Erb's Point (L
3rd ICS) Tricuspid
(L 4th ICS)
Mitral (L 5th ICS slightly lateral to midclavicular line)
20.What are the normal heart sounds?: S1 (lub) and S2 (dub)
21.What are abnormalities that can be found on a cardiac assessment?:
1. Dysrhythmias
2. Extra heart sounds (S3 and S4)
3. Murmurs (grade, pitch, quality)
22. How should auscultation of the heart be done?: 1. Listen at each of the
6 anatomical landmarks with the diaphragm
2. Identify S1 and S2 separately at each landmark
-note rate, and rhythm
3.Try to identity any extra heart sounds or murmurs
4. Listen at each of the 6 anatomical landmarks with the bell
-note any lower pitched sounds
*Note: make sure to limit noises during exam so you can hear better*
*Note: if trouble hearing, try having patient lay on L side*
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, NUFT 204 - Cardiovascular Assessment: Questions & Answers
23.What are the best positions for auscultating heart sounds?: Sitting or
laying down (specifically on L side)
3/
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