Exam (elaborations)
NUR 305 – Immunity: Questions With Detailed Answers
NUR 305 – Immunity: Questions With Detailed Answers
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NUR 305 – Immunity: Questions With Detailed AnswersWhat is autoimmunity? Correct Ans - When the body attacks its
own cells, T lymphocyte immune response.
Describe homeostasis in your own words. How does it apply to human
physiology? Correct Ans - Maintenance of stable internal
environment. Regulates body temp, pH, etc.
Compare the general adaptation syndrome to local adaptation syndrome:
Correct Ans - GAS is whole body response to stress, LAS is localized
response.
List the three stages of the stress response. Correct Ans - Alarm,
resistance, exhaustion.
How does fight or flight fit into the stress response? What stage?
Correct Ans - Alarm stage.
Which substances are released by the adrenal medulla during the stress
response? Correct Ans - Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
How do the sympathomimetics affect the body? Correct Ans -
Induce hypertension, hyperthermia, myocardial infarction, cardiac
arrhythmias, strokes, and even dissections of thoracic and mesenteric
blood vessels. Intravenous use =endocarditis.
What does cortisol do? Correct Ans - Regulates metabolism. Has an
important role in helping the body respond to stress. Increases blood sugar,
and suppresses the immune system.
Why are endorphins released during times of stress or during exercise?
Correct Ans - Help relieve pain, reduce stress and improve your sense
of well-being.
What happens if the body fails to adapt? Correct Ans - Prolonged or
chronic stress leads to the last stage of general adaptation syndrome—
exhaustion. Enduring stressors without relief drains your physical,
, emotional, and mental resources to the point where your body is no longer
able to cope with stress. Exhaustion stage= Fatigue.
What is the purpose of the major histocompatibility complex? Correct
Ans - Our cellular "identification system"
What is passive acquired adaptive immunity? List an example. Correct
Ans - - Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather
than producing them through his or her own immune system. - A newborn
baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta.
Compare B lymphocytes to T lymphocytes: Correct Ans - - B cells
produce antibody molecules that can latch on and destroy invading viruses
or bacteria.
- T cells are direct fighters of foreign invaders and also produced cytokines,
which are biological substances that help activate other parts of the
immune system.
How does immunocompetence (ability to recognize a specific antigen)
develop?Describe how T cells are involved. At what stage of life?
Correct Ans - - The thymus gland is the primary lymphoid organ for
lymphocyte development.
-B cells achieve immunocompetence in the bone marrow.
-T cells migrate to the thymus gland, where they become
immunocompetent.
- Fetal Stage
Where do B lymphocytes mature? Correct Ans - Bone marrow
What are CD4+ and CD8 cells? What is their role in the immune system?
Correct Ans - - CD4 cells: T helper cells
- CD8 cells: Cytotoxic T cells.
- The CD4 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also assist in
antibody-mediated adaptive immunity. The CD4 cell influences all other
cells of the immune system, including other T cells, B lymphocytes,
macrophages, and NK cells.
-The CD8 cell directly attacks an antigen.
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