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Exam (elaborations)

TNCC EXAM
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Major cause of death 1-44 - Trauma: major cause of death for people ages 1-44 years Epidemiology: Unintentional injury is a leading cause of death across all age groups in the US - • 65+ falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths • 25-64: poisoning is the leading cause of death �...

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  • February 6, 2024
  • 26
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • tncc exam

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  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • TNCC
  • TNCC
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TNCC EXAM
Major cause of death 1-44 - ✔✔✔Trauma: major cause of death for people ages 1-44 years



Epidemiology: Unintentional injury is a leading cause of death across all age groups in the US - ✔✔✔•
65+ falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths

• 25-64: poisoning is the leading cause of death

• 5-24: MVC leading cause of death

• TBI: more for males, 0-4 highest rate of death



Injury prevention: 3 E's - ✔✔✔• Engineering: technological interventions (airbags, alarms, safety gear)

• Enforcement and legislation: laws and regulations

• Education: community based initiatives, public service announcements



Kinematics - ✔✔✔study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or potential injuries



Biomechanics - ✔✔✔study of forces and their effects on living tissue and the human body



Mechanism of injury (MOI) - ✔✔✔how injuries occur as a result of energy from environment
transferred to the body



Newton's 1st law of motion: - ✔✔✔a body at rest will remain at rest, a body in motion will remain in
motion



Newton's 2nd law of motion: - ✔✔✔Force=Mass x Acceleration

,Newton's 3rd law of motion: - ✔✔✔for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction



Law of conservation of energy: - ✔✔✔energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change
form



Types of injuries: - ✔✔✔• Blunt trauma: broad energy impact across a large surface area: falls, MVC,
assaults

• Penetrating trauma: energy that results in impalement: guns, stab wounds,

• Thermal trauma: burns

• Blast trauma: rapid release of blast energy in chemical, physical, radioactive exposures

• Occlusive/obtrusive: drowning, handing, strangulation,



Motor vehicle impact sequence: - ✔✔✔• 1st impact: car hit object

• 2nd: impact person hits inside of car

• 3rd: impact organs hit inside of body- organs can be ripped from ligaments (aorta) and hit internal
structures



Pedestrian vs Vehicle: - ✔✔✔Waddell triad: lower initial hit (leg), chest injury when landing on car
(thorax), upper body injury when bounced off and landing on the ground (head and arms)



Triage: - ✔✔✔sorting pt's based on their need for treatment and the resources available. Based on:

• MOI (head on collision, fall more than 20ft for adult)

• Physiologic criteria (vs)

• Anatomic critera (flail chest, fractured pelvis)

• Special considerations (age, special needs)



1. Prehospital report - ✔✔✔MIST (MOI, injury, s/s, treatment)

, 2. Preparation and triage: - ✔✔✔Safe practice, safe care

a. Activate trauma team

b. Right equipment, room ready

c. PPE

d. Consider any potential haz mat situation



3. Across the room observations - ✔✔✔C-AB: As pt is brought in rapid assess of stability and id of
uncontrolled bleeding

IF BLEEDING: CIRCULATION BEFORE AIRWAY! CONTROLL THE BLEED THEN MOVE TO AIRWAY



4. Primary survey: A-B-C-D-E-F-G (LMNOP) - ✔✔✔life-threatening conditions or identified and
immediately corrected



a. Alertness: AVPU W/ c-spine stabilization

AIRWAY ASSISTANCE W/ JAW THRUST W/C-SPINE CONTROL→ BVM if need assistance and/or difficult
airway

Look for: teeth/tongue/foreign bodies, blood/vomit/secretions, edema, burns (suction→ REASSESS)

Listen for: snoring, gurgling, stridor (OPA→REASSESS→ET→REASSESS)

Feel for: facial deformities, subcutaneous emphysema

ROBI: Reopen, OPA, BVM, Intubation→ reassess

*If ETT in place assess placement:

1. Adequate chest rise and fall w/ BVM

2. No epigastric gurgling

3. Bilateral breath sounds heard

4 CO2 detector gold

Interventions:

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