Exam (elaborations)
Health Assessment Final (NUR 306)
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Health Assessment Final (NUR 306)
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1.skin - provides barrier- regulates body temp
- synthesizes vitamin D
- sensory perception
- provides nonverbal communication
- provides identity
- allows wound repair
- allows excretion of metabolic wastes
2.epidermis outer layer of skin
- superficial, thin, no blood vessels
3.dermis middle layer of skin
- blood vessels, connective tissue, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles
4.subcutaneous/adi-
posefatty inner layer of skin
- connects to underlying structures
5.melanin A pigment that gives the skin its color
6.carotene yellow-orange pigment of skin
7.oxyhemoglobin hemoglobin bound to oxygen; red pigment
8.deoxyhemoglobin hemoglobin without oxygen; pale skin color
9.jaundice - yellowing of the skin
- deposition of bilirubin
- easier to observe in sclera, nails, palms, soles
10.cyanosis - blue discoloration of skin
- lack of oxygen (central)
- lack of blood flow (peripheral)
11.hair outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
- vellus: short, fine, inconspicuous, unpigmented
- terminal: coarser, thicker, conspicuous, usually pig-
mented (head and eyebrows)Health Assessment Final (NUR 306) 12.nail protects distal ends of fingers and toes
- nail plate
- lunula (moon shaped white at base of nail)
- cuticle
13.sebaceous gland - located in dermis
- produce sebum
- lubricates hair and skin
- reduces water loss through skin
14.sweat glands - located in dermis
- eccrine: widely distributed, open directly on surface, help control body temp
- apocrine: in axillary and genital areas, simulated by emotional stress, responsible for adult body odor
15.health history (in-
tegumentary)- diseases of skin
- medications
- systemic disease that have skin manifestations
- physical abuse
- risk for pressure ulcer formation
- risk for skin cancer
- need for health promotion education regarding the skin
16.common or concern-
ing symptoms of in-
tegumentary system- rash
- nonhealing lesions
- moles
- growths
- lesions
- bruising (ecchymosis)
- hair loss
- nail changes
17.past history (integu-
mentary)- skin diseases
- diabetes or peripheral vascular disease
- allergies or food sensitivities
- burns or sunburns
- corticosteroid medications - medication use
- immunization record
18.lifestyle and person-
al habits (integu-
mentary)- bathing and shampooing routines
- change of products
- wear false nails or wigs
- go to nail salon or gym
- sun exposure
- skin self exam
- exposure to chemicals or radiation
- diet
19.Cafe au lait spots Smooth edged tan-to-brown pigmentations on the skin; "coffee stain"
20.acanthosis nigri-
cansthickening and darkening of skin near axillary region, neck or groin
associated with Diabetes Type II and obesity
21.tinea versicolor a fungal infection that causes painless, discolored hypo-pigmented areas on the skin
22.physical examina-
tion of skin- inspection
- color
- moisture (ex. intertrigo: irritation and redness in skin folds due to moisture of the skin)
- temperature; use back of hand
- texture; rough or smooth
- mobility and turgor: lift fold of skin, ease with lift= mobility; speed with return into place= turgor
23.psoriasis chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
24.atopic eczema a genetically determined inflammatory allergic skin disorder characterized by itching; also called atopic dermatitis
25.linear skin lesion arranged in a line 26.geographic skin le-
sionareas of one color, with variably scalloped borders interface with another color
27.clustered skin lesion lesions are grouped together
28.serpiginous skin le-
sionlesions appear to creep from one part to another; wavy or serpentine borders
29.annular/arciform skin lesionlesions with a circular shape
30.flat lesions nonpalpable lesions with local changes in skin color ex. vitiligo
31.papule small, solid skin elevation (pimple)
32.nodule solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter; lump deeper and firm; isolated and not mobile
33.cyst nodule filled with expressible material, either liquid or semisolid; mobile possibility
34.wheal - somewhat irregular, often reddish or deeper brown on patients with dark complexions
- superficial area of localized skin edema
35.bulla large blister
36.pustule elevation of skin containing pus
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