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Class notes Introductory biology (BIOL1010) Lesson 2 CA$9.69   Add to cart
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Class notes Introductory biology (BIOL1010) Lesson 2
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Entire collection of class notes taken from Dalhousie university BIOL1010, in detail and excellent to use while studying for the exam.

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  • February 27, 2024
  • 8
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Jennifer
  • 2

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Macromolecules
Macromolecules are polymers built from monomers.
Polymers: A long molecule made from many similar building blocks linked
together by covalent bonds. (Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids)
Monomers: The repeating building blocks of polymers



Polymer assembly: Facilitated by enzymes
Dehydration reaction
● Bond forms between two monomers
○ Each monomer contributes part of an H2O molecule what was
released in the reaction
○ One monomer provides OH, the other provides H
● Reaction repeats as monomers are added
● Polymer constructed

Polymer disassembly
Hydrolysis (Greek = Break using water)
Monomer bond broken with addition of water molecule
H attaches to monomer and OH attaches to adjacent monomer

, Carbohydrates
Simple:
- Monosaccharides
- Essential for cellular respiration
- Simple sugars

Complex:
- Constructed from simple carbohydrates

Sugars
Monosaccharides:
- General molecular formula CH2O
- (ex. glucose)

Disaccharides:
- Two monosaccharides
- Joined by glycosidic linkage

Polysaccharides:
- Polymers with many monosaccharides joined with glycosidic linkages
- Used as storage or structure
- Function determined by sugar monomers and the position of its glycosidic
linkages

Storage polysaccharides
- Plants store starch
- Can later be withdrawn by hydrolysis
- Animals store glycogen
- Hydrolysis releases glucose

Structural polysaccharides
- Plants produce cellulose, tough walls of plants
- Glycosidic linkage differs from storage polysacc-

Glycosidic Linkage:
● Covalent bond
● Between two monosaccharides
● From dehydration reaction

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