100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Class notes Introductory Biology (BIOL1010) Lesson 4 CA$9.62   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Dalhousie University (Dal )
  4.  
  5. Biology
  6.  
  7. BIOL1010 (BIOL1010)

Class notes

Class notes Introductory Biology (BIOL1010) Lesson 4
 3 views  0 purchase

Lesson 3 notes taken from Dalhousie university, perfect to use while studying for exams. In-depth. Can be used while in lectures to save time typing basic notes and leaves time to create notes that matter

Preview 2 out of 10  pages

Document information

  • February 27, 2024
  • 10
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Jennifer
  • 4

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (11)

Seller

avatar-seller
nkohoot

Content preview

Energy and Metabolism
Kinetic Energy: The relative motion of objects

Potential Energy: The energy matter possesses due to its position or structure


Catabolic Pathways:
● Breakdown of complex molecules to simpler ones
● (ex. Cellular respiration)

Anabolic Pathways:
● Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
● (ex. Amino acid synthesis)




Isolated system: Unable to exchange energy or matter with its surroundings

Open system: Energy and matter can be transferred with its surroundings.

Organism = open system: Organisms absorb energy-- either by light or chemical
energy in the form of organic molecules and release heat and metabolic waste to its
surroundings.

Law of Thermodynamics:
1. Energy can only be transformed/transferred not created or destroyed
2. Every energy transaction/transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
a. entropy is always increasing
b. How dispersed energy is in a system

Organisms follow the second law of thermodynamics because organisms act with its
surroundings receiving chemical energy from food, radiating heat from its body, and
consistently changing O2 to CO2.




Free energy (G): Capacity of a system to do work when both pressure and temperature
are uniform through the system.

Equation: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

, ΔG - Change in free energy
ΔH - Change in enthalpy
ΔS - Change in entropy
T - Absolute temperature (K)

Spontaneous: Process is capable of moving in a given direction without needing to be
driven by an outside force.

G (-) = spontaneous
G (+) = nonspontaneous
G (0) = equilibrium/ nonspontaneous

Process is spontaneous ONLY when moving towards equilibrium


Exergonic: Proceeds with net release of free energy/ reaction looses free energy
● G is negative
● Spontaneous
● Less energy required to break bonds than what is released when new ones
form

Endergonic: Absorbs free energy from surroundings/ reaction gains free energy
● G is positive
● Nonspontaneous
● Moves away from equilibrium
● Stores free energy in molecules
● Requires more energy than what is released with new formed bonds

Free energy is made available during a reaction (during reaction there is normally a
release of energy)
Cellular work:
● Chemical - Pushes endergonic reactions that would not occur spontaneously
(ex. Synthesis of polymers from monomers)
● Transport - Pumping substances across membrane against direction of
spontaneous movement
● Mechanical - Contraction of muscle cells and movement of chromosomes during
cellular reproduction (ex. beating of cilia)




Energy coupling: The use of energy formed from an exergonic process to drive an
endergonic one

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nkohoot. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$9.62. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83662 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$9.62
  • (0)
  Add to cart