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  7. Unit 1E - Russia, 1917-91: from Lenin to Yeltsin

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Russia Theme 3 Essay Plans
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  • Unit 1E - Russia, 1917-91: from Lenin to Yeltsin
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  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  • Edexcel AS/A Level History, Paper 1&2

This document consists of highly detailed notes and essay plans for questions that I guarantee you will be almost identical to the questions you will see in your exam. This document pertains to Theme 3 of Communist Russia - Control of the People .

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  • March 1, 2024
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • essay
  • plan
  • history
  • a level
  • russia
  • edexcel
  • a level
  • theme 3
  • communist
  • 1917 85
  • pearson

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THEMETHREE: Control of the People, 1917-1985
Essay Titles – Essays to plan
1.How far did the role of the secret police change in the Soviet Union through the period 1953-
1985?

Terror against dissidents:

 Organised the rehabilitation of thousands of political prisoners. He preferred ‘popular
oversight’ as a means of social control.
 1959: Khrushchev proclaimed there were no longer any political prisoners in the USSR and
instead, he preferred to use compulsory psychiatric treatment.
 Lesser well known dissidents were forced to have compulsory treatment of repressive
psychiatry.
 In November 1972, KGB adopted a policy of issuing official warnings.
 In the 1970s, 70,000 dissidents were interviewed and warned. The KGB estimated that this
stopped the formation of 2,000 subversive groups.

Terror against religion:

 Khrushchev’s major anti-religious campaign started in 1958. Included the following
measures:
 Orthodox converts were placed under surveillance.
 Aspects of Khrushchev’s campaign succeeded, for example, the KGB closed down thousands
of Churches, reducing the number of Orthodox Church buildings from 8000-5000 from 1958-
1964.
 Brezhnev ended Khrushchev’s overt campaign against religion.
 Church closures stopped and so did poster campaigns
 Brezhnev seeked allies in the Middle East, whilst other Soviet leaders described Islam as
‘backwards and barbarian’
 Under Brezhnev, the government started supporting anti-American Islamic groups.
 As a consequence, in the late 1960’s, the government described Islam as: ‘progressive, anti-
colonial and revolutionary creed’ that was compatible with socialism.

Terror against culture:

 1957: World Youth Festival was held in Moscow and saw young people dance to Jazz and
African drumming.
 The double standard that soviet males having sex with foreign women was not seen as a
problem but women having sex with foreign delegates was a problem meant that party
squads patrolled the streets and shaved the heads of young women discovered having sex.
 They were deported and forced to work on the virgin land scheme.
 Sept 1965: Arrest of Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel for the production of ‘anti-Soviet
agitation and propaganda’
 1966: Sinyavsky-Daniel show trial.
 They were both found guilty and sentenced to 5-7 years in a labour camp which led to fears
that Brezhnev was reviving Stalinism.
 Lesser known artists were put in psychiatric institutions.
 Possibly 7,000-8,000 in the 1970s.

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