BIOD 121 Module 6 exam Portage learning SPRING 2024

Keys to a healthy pregnancy 1) adequate vitamins and minerals 2) healthy body weight 3) controlling health conditions 4) avoid teratogens 2. Teratogens Compounds that can increase the risk of a birth defect. 3. Examples of teratogens: 1) Tobacco: miscarriage, stillbirth, LBW, preterm 2) Alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome 3) Drugs: LBW, miscarriage, birth defects 4. 4 Key pregnancy stages: Fertilization, Blastogenic, Embryonic, Fetal 5. Blastogenic stage (Day 1 to 14): A period of rapid cell division -Day 14: An embryo is formed. 6. Embryonic stage (Week 2 to 8): The organ system develops. -Week 5: The heart begins to beat. -Week 8: The embryo is now known as a fetus. 7. Fetal Stage (Week 9 to 40): Period of continual growth and development 8. Zygote formed from combination of egg and sperm 9. Placenta Provides oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the fetus, and transfers waste for excretion. 10. First trimester Important for development. Exposure to teratogens, and inadequate nutrients can have adverse effect on fetus. 11. Second trimester Development of the limbs. Mom physiologically changes to support pregnancy and prepare for birth. 12. Third trimester Fetus doubles in length and increases weight to 7 to 9 pounds. 13. Birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds