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PDHPE - Sports Medicine questions with correct answers
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PDHPE - Sports Medicine questions with correctanswers
What are the 3 ways to classify sports injuries? *Syllabus Point* Correct Answer-
Direct or Indirect - How the injury occurred
Soft or Hard Tissue - What type of tissue was injured
Overuse - How the injury occurred
What is a direct injury? Correct Answer-A direct injury is sustained at the direct site of contact from an external force which applied to the body such as a collision with a person or with an object. Eg. Bruised leg from cricket ball or black eye from being punched during boxing match, falling to the ground and grazing your arm.
What is an indirect injury? Correct Answer-An indirect injury is sustained from an intrinsic force and away from the site of contact. Indirect injuries are caused by intrinsic force in the muscles due to ballistic movements or poor execution of skill and usually include strains while running or knee ligament sprain while changing direction.
Eg. Dislocated shoulder due to falling on arm
What are soft tissue injuries? Correct Answer-Soft tissue injuries occur to soft tissue in the body which include all our muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, organs etc. Everything except the skeletal system. They can be direct such as a blister or bruise at the sight of external force = A black eye from a punch to the eye OR
They can be indirect injuries caused by internal forces such as a strain or sprain = A sprained ankle What are hard tissue injuries? Correct Answer-Injuries to the skeleton - bone or teeth. Eg. A dislocated shoulder from a poor tackle in rugby leagure
What are overuse injuries? Correct Answer-Overuse injuries are caused by repetitive overtime action or smaller injuries that aren't treated and become more severe.
The small injuries produce scar tissue because the body does not have enough time
to reproduce the actual body tissue. this often occurs in muscle tissue. This scar tissue then builds up because the athlete does not allow enough time between performance for the body parts used again so the body never gets a chance to repair
and fix the tissue. This is weaker than normal tissue so can easily be re-injured and often becomes a larger injury, even after recovery.
Overuse injuries include soft tissue injuries, such as tendonitis (e.g. tennis elbow) and hard tissue injuries, such as stress fractures.
Force on an ankle from another person during a soccer game which is causing a dislocation of the ankle Correct Answer-Direct hard tissue injury
Sprained ankle caused by internal forces Correct Answer-Indirect soft tissue injury Force of the group pushing up and force of gravity pushing down all throughout the body and cause injury away from the site of force
(Stress fracture) - Break in tibia Correct Answer-Overuse hard tissue injury
Caused by overuse as small breaks aren't getting a change to repair so lead to a larger break in the bone
Skin abrasion caused by external force of concrete or rocks on which the skin is scraped Correct Answer-Direct soft tissue injury Torn hamstring or a strain as a result of force within body causing tear in the muscle Correct Answer-Indirect soft tissue injury
What comes under (types of) soft tissue injuries? *Syllabus point* Correct Answer-Students learn about:
Tears (strains), sprains, contusions
Skin abrasions, lacerations, blisters
Inflammatory response
Students learn to:
Manage soft tissue injuries
What is a strain (tear)? Correct Answer-When a muscle or tendon is over-stretched and torn caused by internal forces, poor technique or overtraining. Tendon = Connective tissue between muscle and bone
It is an indirect injury and signs include plain with movement, swelling and bruising. Grade 1 tear/strain is a small tear to the muscle.
Grade 2 tear/strain is a much larger tear around 50% or more torn.
Grade 3 tear/strain refers to a complete tear, so that surgery is needed to join the muscle back together.
What is a sprain? Correct Answer-When the joint is forced beyond the normal range of motion (ROM) resulting in the stretching and tearing of ligaments (joining
bone to bone around joints). Signs: Unable to put weight on injured limb, swelling, bruising and pain
So a third degree tear is a ligament that has been torn in half and needs surgery to repair. An example of a sprain is a rolled ankle in netball or an ACL rupture in the knee. Medial ligament sprain occurs from stress from the side and occur to the midline of
the knee joint. Eg. Rugby players tackled from the side
Cruciate ligament sprain occurs from stress in a forward direction. Eg. Netballers when they stop suddenly or landing in basketball (jump high to do lay-up, catch the
ball, come down and forward pressure on the femur, tears the ligaments which are in the center of the knee.
Sprained Ankle - When the ankle twists in a certain direction during activity
What is the difference between sprain and strain? Correct Answer-Strains occur to a muscle while sprain occurs to a ligament. Strains occur between joints while sprain occurs on the joint itself.
What is a contusion? Correct Answer-External flow/sudden blow to body or upon the soft tissue or internal forces being imbalanced resulting it the capillaries ruptured and bursting causing internal bleeding
What is skin abrasion (graze)? Correct Answer-It is a scraping or wearing away of the skin and is usually not very deep. May occur from landing on a hard, dry surface and skin getting scraped. Eg. Coming off a bike, tackle in football, grazed knee from a side tackle in soccer.
What is a laceration? Correct Answer-It is where flesh has incurred an irregular tear or a deep cut or tear to the skin of resulting from contact with a sharp device. So a cut from a kitchen knife is a laceration, but also a cut from an ice-hockey skate, bob-sled or a tear from a stud in rugby.
What is a blister? Correct Answer-It caused by friction or burning that leads to a build up of serum in the skin. They may occur from friction with repeated use of equipment or new equipment. Eg. Runners get blisters on heels, rowers on their hands or using equipment such as a tennis racquet or soccer boot.
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