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ATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee) ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOG

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S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: beststudy | Distribution of this document is illegal ATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee) ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body. Microscopic Anatomy: ...

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Distribution of this document is illegalATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee)
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body.
Microscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules.
Cytology: study of cells.
Histology: study of tissues.
Physiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures.
*Smallest living is a CELL.
*Smallest organisms is a ATOM.
Levels of Hierarchy
Atom- the most basic complete unit of an element.
Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a
chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Organelles- are cells parts that function within a cell.
Cells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is one individual
cell.
Tissues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but at a lower
level than organs. Organ- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is formed by two
or more similar tissues.
Organ System- functional groups of organs that work together within the body : circulatory,
integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular and nervous.
 Humans have 11 Organ Systems.
Cells Structure
Nucleus - holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin
Ribosomes- small structures that build proteins “amino acids”.
Golgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell.
Vacuoles - storage, digestion and waste removal.
Cytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell.
Microtubules - part of the cytoskeletal.
Cytosol - liquid material in cell.
Cell membrane - separate internal and external cellular environment allows material to
enter and exit cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell.
Mitochondria- generates ATP powerhouse of the cell. ATP production is called cellular respiration
Animal Cells
Centrosome- pairs of centrioles involved in mitosis.
Centriole- cylinders involved in cellular division.
Lysosomes- the purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or
break down the cell when it dies. Cilia- cause cell to move.
Flagella- whip tail to move cell.
TISSUES:
 Group of CELLS.
 Muscle, Nerve, Epithelial, Connective.
1. Epithelial: (joined together tightly) Example. Skin
2. Connective: (dense, loose, or fatty) Example. Tissue, Cartilage, Tendons, Ligaments, Fat, Blood, Lymph.
 It protects and binds body parts.
a.Cartilage: cushions and provides structural support
 Fibrous
b.Blood: transport oxygen to cells and removes waste. Also carries hormones and
defends against disease.
c.Bone: (hard) produces red blood cells
3.Muscle: supports and move body
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
4.Nervous: Example. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
 Neurons: control responses to changes in environment.
Mitosis - it has 4 phases. Pink MAT / Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Interphase - Cell prepares for division by replicating genetic/cytoplasmic material.
Prophase - Chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to
disintegrate. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers form. Metaphase - Spindle moves to center of cell and chromosome pairs align along center of spindle
structure.
Anaphase - Chromosome pairs pull apart into daughter chromosomes.
Telophase - Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reforms or is pinched.
Cytokinesis - Physical splitting of cell.
Meiosis- same as mitosis except happens twice, results in four daughter cells instead of two. Mature haploid male and female germ cell uniting in sexual reproduction.
Gametes in female = Egg
Gametes in Male = Sperm
Meiosis is when gametes produce a zygote.
Zygote: controls cell differentiation. It forms during fertilization. The cells from each parent that
combine to form a zygote are called gametes. Zygote is the first stage of reproduction.
1. Respiratory System
main functions are the critical tasks of transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the
body’s cell and moving carbon dioxide in the other direction.
Nasal Cavity - air passage that warms, moistens, and filters air, and also contains olfactory
receptors. Medially divided by the nasal septum.
External Nares - the visible ‘nostrils’ that are the entrances into the nasal cavity
The Larynx - air passage that connects the pharynx to the trachea, composed of individual cartilages, mostly hyaline. Commonly called the voice box for its additional function of voice
production.

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