Study guide

Anatomy Midterm Notes

223 views 2 purchases

Course
Human Anatomy (HLSC120)

Institution
MacEwan University ( )

These are notes from my Human Anatomy class from nursing! They include 6 chapters of full detailed notes that include pictures and diagrams! Chapters include: Intro to Human Anatomy, Tissues, Integumentary System, Bone Tissue, Joints and much more! This document is 59 pages and is what helped me p...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 59 pages

View example

Uploaded on December 6, 2018
Number of pages 59
Written in 2017/2018
Type Study guide

CA$5.90

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Chapter 1: Intro to the Human Body

• Anatomy is the study of structures and the relationship among them
▪ Dissection is a way to study anatomy- cut apart to see
▪ Physiology deals with functions of the body and the relationships between
body parts (how they work)

• Anatomy is related to physiology
▪ Ex. Tight connections between bones of the skull protect the brain

Branches of Anatomy:
• Embryology- first 8 weeks of development
• Developmental Biology- growth from fertilization till death
• Cell Biology- cellular structures and functions
• Histology- microscopic structure of the tissue
• Sectional Anatomy- internal structures and the relationships through use of
sections
• Systemic Anatomy- structures of specific systems ex. Nervous
• Regional Anatomy- specific regions of the body ex. Chest
• Surface Anatomy- surface markings to understand deep or internal anatomy
• Imaging Anatomy- internal structures visualized with x-rays, CT scans, MRI, etc.
• Pathological Anatomy- changes associated with the disease (gross → microscopic)

Levels of Body Organization:
1) Chemical Level: consists of atoms (smallest units of matter) and molecules
(2 or more atoms joined)
2) Cellular Level: molecules combine to form cells
3) Tissue Level: made up of tissues which are groups of cells and materials that
work together to perform a particular function
4) Organ Level: different types of tissue are joined together, organs are
structures composed of 2 or more different types of tissue and have a specific
function and shape
5) System Level: consists of related organs with a common function; there are
11 systems
6) Organismal Level: all the parts of the human body functioning together

Human Body Systems:
Integumentary System:
• Components:
o Skin and associated structures
o Hair
o Fingernails
o Toenails

, o Sweat and oil glands
o Subcutaneous layer
• Functions:
o Protects body
o Regulate body temperature
o Detects sensation
o Stores fat / provide insulation
o Eliminates some waste and helps produce vitamin D

Skeletal System:
• Components:
o Bones
o Joints
o Cartilages
• Functions:
o Supports and protects body
o Maintain posture and aids body movement

Muscular System:
• Components:
o Skeletal muscle tissue (muscle attached to bone)
o Other muscle tissue is smooth and cardiac
• Functions:
o Participates in body movements
o Maintains posture and produces heat

Cardiovascular System:
• Components:
o Blood
o Blood vessels
o Heart
• Functions:
o Heart pumps blood through vessels
o Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells

Lymphatic System:
• Components
o Lymphatic fluid
o Lymphatic vessels
o Spleen
o Thymus
o Lymph nodes
o Tonsils
o B cells, t cells, and other (carry out immune responses)
• Functions:

, o Return protein and fluids to blood
o Site of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells (protect
against pathogens)

Nervous System:
• Components:
o Brain
o Spinal cord
o Nerves
o Special sense organs (eyes and ears)
• Functions:
o Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body
activities
o Detects internal/external changes, interprets, and responds by
muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Endocrine System:
• Components:
o Hormone producing glands
o Hormone producing cells
• Functions:
o Regulates body activities by releasing hormones
o Chemical messengers transported by blood to target organ

Respiratory System:
• Components:
o Lungs
o Pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and
bronchial tubes
• Functions:
o Gas exchange (carbon dioxide and oxygen)

Digestive System:
• Components:
o Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
and anus
• Functions:
o Physical and chemical breakdown of food
o Absorbs nutrients from food
o Eliminates solid waste

Urinary System:
• Components:
o Kidneys
o Ureters

, o Urinary bladder
o Urethra
• Functions:
o Produce, store and eliminate urine
o Gets rid of toxins

Reproductive System:
• Components:
o Gonads (testes and ovaries)
o Associated organs (uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina,
epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferens, penis)
• Functions:
o Produce new humans (gonads produce gametes)
o Gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other
processes

Anatomical Positions:
• Standard position of reference for the description of anatomical structures:
o Stand erect facing observer
o Head level and eyes facing directly forward
o Lower limbs parallel and feet flat on floor
o Upper limbs to side, palms facing forward

• Body is upright in anatomical position
o Prone position= body lying face down
o Supine position= body lying face up

Planes and Sections:
• Frontal/Coronal Plane- divides the body/organ into the front and back
portions
• Sagittal Plane- vertical plane that divides body/organ into the right and left
sides
o Midsagittal Plane- passes through the midline of body and divides into
equal right and left sides
o Parasagittal Plane- does not pass through midline and creates unequal
right and left sides
• Traverse Plane- divides body/organ into upper and lower portions; is also
called cross-sectional or horizontal plane
• Oblique Plane- passes through body/organ at oblique angle; any angle other
than 90 degrees

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tatianaunger. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$5.90. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Study guide

Anatomy Midterm Notes

Document information

Subjects

Connected book

More summaries for

Written for

Seller

Content preview