Exam (elaborations)

Organic chemistry 207 Questions With Correct Answers

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NU1426

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NU1426

Organic chemistry |207 Questions| With Correct Answers. isopropyl alcohol phenols Hydroquinone Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) Ubiquitin Phylloquinone and Menaquinone phosphatides triacylglycerol fatty acyl group glyceraldehyde aldose Free Fatty Acids (FFA) saturated fatty acid unsaturated fa...

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Organic chemistry EXAM QUESTIONS (206
TERMS) WITH VERIFIED DEFINITIONS UPDATED
2024

1). Isopropyl alcohol

 Ans: 2-propanol

C3H7OH

2). Phenols

 Ans: -aromatic alcohols

-Hydroxyl groups can be attached to aromatic rings (these hydroxyl hydrogens are very
acidic due to possible resonance b/w the ring & the lone pairs on the O atom)

-Two groups on adjacent carbons are called ortho- or o-

-Two groups separated by a carbon is called meta- or m-

-Two groups on opposite sides of the ring are called para- or p-

3). Hydroquinone

 Ans: a chemical found in the developing agent that generates the black tones and
sharp contrast of the radiographic image

Carboxylation of hydroquinone would yield a carboxyl group

Oxitdation would yield benzoquinone

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, 4). Ubiquinone (coenzyme q)

 Ans: - biologically active quinone

-vital electron carrier associated w/ complexes I, II, and II of the e- transport chain

-very oxidized

5). Ubiquitin

 Ans: A protein that attaches itself to faulty or misfolded proteins and thus targets
them for destruction by proteasomes

6). Phylloquinone and menaquinone

 Ans: are the common names of Vitamin K1 and Vitamin K2.

-are fat soluble vitamins that play a role in carboxylation in clotting

7). Phosphatides

 Ans: any of a class of compounds that are fatty acid esters of glycerol phosphate
with a nitrogen base linked to the phosphate group.

8). Triacylglycerol

 Ans: A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called
a fat or triglyceride.

are neutral storage lipids. They consist of three fatty acids ester-linked to a single
glycerol.

used for energy storage rather than structure, and are not generally found in cell
membranes

formed through dehydration reactions

hydrolysis of triglycerides breaks the ester bonds, releasingfree fatty acids and glycerol

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, 9). Fatty acyl group

 Ans: Long hydrocarbon chain + carbonyl

10). Glyceraldehyde

 Ans: is an oxidiized form of glycerol

three carbon aldose with one aldehyde group and two hdyroxyl grouos

11). Aldose

 Ans: A carbohydrate whose carbonyl group is an aldehyde

12). Free fatty acids (ffa)

 Ans: the components of fat that are used by the body for metabolism

Carboxyl group (negatively charged - with hydrocarbon tail

Usually not found in blood plasma but rather exist as a derivative, such as a triglyceride
or phospholipid.

Hydrolysis of triglycerides and phospholipids releases free FAs

Long chain hydrocarbon makes fatty acids hdyrophobix, allowing for solubility in organic
solvents

compoased of unbranced hydrocarbon chains with carboxyl groups at one end - humans
synthesize fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms, and chains usually range
from 14 to 18 carbon atoms long

13). Saturated fatty acid

 Ans: no double bonds between carbon atoms- more solid at room temp-higher mp
than unsaturated at room temperature-

Saturated fats lack double bonds between their carbons, the initial step in their B-
oxidation pathway creates a double bond (oxidation), while also producing an FADH2(a
reduction)- since this step does not necessarily happen in an unsaturated fat, fewer high
energy electron carriers are produced and thus the overall energy yield is lower

Unsaturated fats produce less energy during B-oxidation than saturated fats with an

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, equal number of carbons

Stack closely in the cell membrane

14). Unsaturated fatty acid

 Ans: A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the
hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the
carbon skeleton.

Lower mp than saturated with the same number of carbon atoms- lipids with
unsaturated acyl chains do not pack well against one another- increasing the level of
disorder- Increased temperature also increases the level of disorder in the membrane
because there is more movement at higher temperatures.

Usually in the cis conformation

Unsaturation contributes significantly to membrane fluidity - the C=C bonds decrease the
melting temperature of fatty acid chains and increase the average space between lipids

Lipids with unsaturated fatty acid chains are more fluid at a given temperature than
saturated lipids of the same length

Cis configuration is particularly important in cell membranes as it introduces a bend or
kink in the fatty acid chain that prevents phospholipids from stacking together and
interacting efficiently

15). Disubstituted double bond

 Ans:

16). Saponification reaction

 Ans: the hydrolysis of an organic compound, under basic conditions, in which a
carboxylic acid salt is one of the products

The hydrolysis of an ester bond with a strong base

Saponification of a triglyceride with a strong base, such as NAOH, releases free fatty
acids ( as sodium salts) and a molecule of glycerol

One equivalent of base is needed to hdyrolyze one ester linkage, therefore, three
equivalents of base are needed to completely hydrolyze a triglyceride

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