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SOCIAL PSYC - Chapters 1 & 4
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Notes from Textbook: Myers, D., Spencer, S., & Jordan, C., Smith, S, & Spencer, S. (2018) Social Psychology (7th Canadian Edition). McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Social Psychology - PSYC 2120 Comprehensive Chapter Notes

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  • December 16, 2018
  • 5
  • 2018/2019
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Chapter 1: INTRO
Social psychology: a science that studies that infuences of our situatonss ith specifc atenton to ho
e vie and afect on another

-our social behaviour varies not just ith the objectve situaton but ith ho e construe it

Major Themes in Social Psychology
Social Thinking: Social Infuences: Social Relatons:
. e construct our . Social infuences shape . Social behaviour is also
social reality behaviour biological behaviour
2. our social intuitons 2. Dispositons shape 2. Relatng to others is a
are often po erfuls behaviour (inner attudes
soietie dangerous basic need
afect behaviour



Applying Social Psychology:

. Social psychology’s
principles are applicable
to everyday life


Ho do Values afect Social Psychology?

-Obvious Ways:

 Values dictate our research topics
 Values difer not only across tie but also across culture
 Values enter the picture as the object of social-psychological analysis

-Not-So-Obvious Ways:

 The subjectve aspect of science
o Culture can afect the ay a psychologist interprets data or conducts testng
 The hidden values in psychological concepts
o Psychologists o n values play an iiportant role in theories and judgeient
 Foriing concepts: ie. are you high in self-esteei or defensiveness?
 Labelling: ie. freedoi fghter vs. terrorists alfare vs. aid to the needy
 Naturalistc fallacy: sliding froi a descriptons of what is to a
prescripton of what ought to be – ie. there is not “right” ay of sexual
practces there is only “ hat is”

Is Social Psychology Just Coiion Sense?

-social psychology faces t o contradictory critcisis: . That is it trivial because it docuients the
obvious. 2. Dangerous because its fndings could be used to ianipulate people.

, -this idea that it is obvious invokes the hindsight bias: the idea that things are iore obvious in
hindsight then beforehand

Research Methods

-Foriing and Testng Hypotheses:

-a theory is forieds hich then iiplies a testable predicton called a hypothesis

-you also have to turn theoretcal variables into actual things you can observe
(operationalizationn

-Correlatonal Research: Detectng Natural Associatons

-Correlaton vs. Causaton

-3 Causes for Correlatons: . A causes Bs 2. B causes As 3. C causes A & B

- hen correlatonal research is extended over tie it is called: Longitudinal
Research

-Survey Research:

-uses random sampling

-4 Potental biases for Survey Research

. Unrepresentatve Saiples
2. Order of the questons
3. Responses bias and social desirability
4. Wording of the questons

Experiiental Research: Searching for Cause and Efect:

-the difculty ith discerning cause and efect is that you have to create laboratory setngs for natural
events

-social psychologists’ experiient by constructng social situatons that siiulate iiportant features of
our daily lives – they do this by varying one or t o factors called independent variables

Correlatonal vs. Experiiental Research

-are early iaturing children iore confdent – correlatonal

-do students learn iore in online or classrooi courses – experiiental

-do school grades predict success – correlatonal

-does playing violent video gaies increase aggression – experiiental
Experiiental
Correlatonal

Advantages: can explore Disadvantages: soie
Advantages: often uses Disadvantages: cause and efect by iiportant variables
real- orld setngs causaton often controlling variables and cannot be studied
aibiguous by randoi assignient ith experiients

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