Summary

Summary LIFE ORIENTATION GRADE 12 JUNE EXAM 2024 STUDY NOTES

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Course
Life Orientation

Institution
12th Grade

The following previous papers have been used in these notes: @IMPAQ 2018, 2019, 2020 & 2021 as well as the DBE/WCED LO Review Booklet 2023 & 2024. Topics: 1. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY 2. STUDY SKILLS 3. CAREERS AND CAREER CHOICES 4. DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 5. PHYSICAL EDUCATION

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life orientation grade 12

Institution
12th Grade
Course
Life Orientation
Schooljaar 200

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1

LIFE ORIENTATION
GRADE 12
JUNE
EXAM
2024
The following previous papers have been used in these notes: @IMPAQ 2018,
2019, 2020 & 2021 as well as the DBE/WCED LO LO Review Booklet 2023 & 2024.

Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
Topics:

1. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY

2. STUDY SKILLS

3. CAREERS AND CAREER CHOICES

4. DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS

5. PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY

STRESS

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 2

Case study @IMPAQ JUN 2018

A quick fix for stress is to smile. It may not make the tension go away, but you will
feel better immediately. A smile is also contagious. The reason for this is that
part of the brain that controls facial expression is an unconscious automatic
response area. Look at someone smiling and you won't be able to help but smile
too. This involuntary response area especially mimics happy facial expressions.
In a Swiss study, participants were shown different pictures depicting emotions
such as joy, anxiety, anger and surprise. They were told to frown if the picture
depicted a happy, smiling person. Instead of obeying the researcher's
instructions, everyone smiled too. (Adapted and translated: goo.gl/eQvtPJ)

The life skill recommended in the text: Learn to smile often, because smiling is a
contagious emotion.

FOUR MAIN GROUPS OF STRESSORS

1. Physical stressor
2. Emotional stressor
3. Environmental stressor
4. Social stressor

Symptoms of stress

Physical Examples: Grinding of teeth, clenching of jaws, muscle
symptoms tension, headaches, shortness of breath, stomach pain,
fatigue, increased blood pressure, chest pains, nausea,
light-headedness, excessive sweating, fainting, dry mouth,
diarrhoea, constipation and muscle spasm.
Behavioural Examples: Sleeping too much or too little, eating more or
symptoms less than usual, weight loss, drug abuse, antisocial
behaviour, decline in personal hygiene and nervous habits
such as nail biting, pacing.

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 3

Emotional Examples: Mood swings, depression, anxiety, guilt, self-
symptoms blame, denial, numbness, irritability, helplessness, mistrust,
short temper, feelings of loneliness and isolation, and
tearfulness.
Cognitive Inability to concentrate, attention deficit, memory
symptoms problems, poor problem solving, poor judgement, disbelief,
disturbed thinking, confusion, flashbacks or suicidal
thoughts.
The fight-or-flight response of stress with specific reference to the cartoon.
@IMPAQ JUN 2020

 It is the response of the body's
sympathetic nervous system to a
stressful situation.
 In the cartoon, the person feels
threatened by the bear, so it is a
stressful situation.
 The body's defence response goes
into a rapid automatic process known
as the fight-or-flight response.
 In the cartoon, the person chooses to
flee rather than fight

An explanation of FOUR physical reactions when a stressful situation arises
unexpectedly @IMPAQ JUN 2020

 The body secretes the chemicals cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline.
 This secretion helps the body to be ready for either fight or flight by
speeding up the heart rate and breathing, and increasing alertness and
muscle readiness.
 The body begins to sweat.
 The digestion and immune system is slowed down.

The following as tools to manage stress @IMPAQ JUN 2020

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 4

Humour Means you can see the funny in stressful situation and also
laugh at yourself. By deliberately focusing on the lighter side
of things, stress is dealt with positively.
Laughter A good laugh can lower stress levels and there are experts
therapy who can help an individual deal with stress better with the
help of this type of therapy.
Forgiveness Everyone makes mistakes in an imperfect world. Learn to
forgive yourself and others for mistakes, because that way
you can leave negative energy behind and concentrate
on the positive

Ways negative stress can affect a person's quality of life. LO Revision booklet
2024

It can make you happy, depressed and unproductive. It can also make you
make unwise lifestyle choices, for example, when some people are distressed,
they start abusing alcohol, which only worsens their stress and harms their health.
Unhealthy lifestyle choices include drinking too much alcohol, drugs, sexual
promiscuity leading to STIs and risky behaviour such as driving while under the
influence of alcohol.

The difference between positive stress and negative stress. LO Revision booklet 2024

Positive stress is the stress that motivates you, encourages you and puts pressure
on yourself and negative stress is the stress that makes you feel like you cannot
handle the pressure of the stressors and it affects relationships in a negative way.

Mortgage: Life crisis, such as the death of a breadwinner or a parent losing
his/her job, can motivate a child to work hard in school to be successful.

________________________________________________________________

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 5

CONFLICT

Case study/ essay question @IMPAQ JUN 2019

Road rage in South Africa

The number of reported incidents of road rage has increased over the past few years.
Road rage has become a major threat to safe driving. Sally Davis, a clinical psychologist
describes road rage as a social problem that has increased all over the world, with traffic
congestion and increasing levels of frustration on the roads. Road rage occurs when
people who are already vulnerable to aggressive outbursts express their anger and -
more critically - direct it at total strangers. Davies says from behind the wheel it is so
easy to personalize relationships on the road.

We find ourselves in the position of power and a position of safety from where we can
verbally abuse other drivers, make movements that restrict or hinder them, make
aggressive gestures with our hands, flash our lights, honk our horns or fantasize. to live
out in order to "be in control" - as if we were appointed Road Monitors! There are several
reasons for extreme anger. Some people who have a past history of angry outbursts may
have mental disorders, attack others or destroy property because of anger.

There are also other antisocial personalities, those who abuse drugs and alcohol or just
your everyday motorist who is psychologically ripe for road rage. There is absolutely no
point in bothering any of these people - no matter what right you think you have. It's just
not worth it! Source:https://bit.ly/2YWoDRY

Road rage is classified as an example of conflict because: @IMPAQ JUN 2019

→ it is a difference of opinion.
→ there is a problem about something.
→ there is a difference of opinion.

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 6

→ it could end in a fight.
→ it is a collision between drivers.
→ this may include rude gestures.
→ this may include verbal abuse.
→ intentionally driving in an unsafe manner.
→ this may include threats.

Ways an aggressive attitude affects a conflict situation. @IMPAQ JUN 2019

→ This worsens/escalates the conflict.
→ It hardens attitudes.
→ The conflict remains unresolved.
→ No one listens to the other party.
→ Unnecessary violence occurs

Suggestions on how a person should approach
conflict during road rage @IMPAQ JUN 2019

❖ Listen. The ability to show that you are
listening to the other person's feelings is
probably the most powerful
communication skill during conflict. When
we listen, we connect on a deep level with
our own needs and emotions and with
those of other people.
❖ Be calm. Try not to overreact. Physical and
verbal abuse is never acceptable.
❖ Respect. Although you may disagree with the person, stick to the
argument and show respect to the person
❖ Not a competition. Focus on resolving the conflict, rather than winning or
being right.
❖ Emotions. Don't deny your emotions but make an effort to explain your
point of view.
❖ Leave old cows in the ditch. Accumulating grievances over a long period
of time is unproductive. Try to deal with the reality of the current situation.
❖ Accept. If you can't come to an agreement, agree to disagree.
❖ Forgive. Be grateful for the chance to learn, work to accept, forgive and
let go.

@Juffrou_Ansie

, 7

Conflict resolution can be ………@ LO Revision booklet 2024

• the informal or formal process that two or more parties use to find a
peaceful solution to their dispute.
Or
• method or processes involved I facilitating the peaceful termination of
conflict and resolution

Strategies one can use when dealing with conflict resolution.@ LO Revision booklet 2024

1. Accommodating

2. Cooperation.

3. Compromise.

4. Avoid.

5. Competing.

Conflict management skills that can help you maintain positive relationships with
other people.@ LO Revision booklet 2024

↘ You must share your feelings and be honest in your communication,
because if you acknowledge the feeling of the other person who you are,
the relationship will grow but people may not believe your honesty
therefore the conflict may not be resolved
↘ Effective communication will allow you to stay to the point and look for a
solution that suits both parties. however, the other parties can be stubborn
which creates more conflict. And bring up more issues from previous
disagreements.
↘ You need to be a good listener because interrupting or judging the other
person on what they are saying will make them feel like you don't value
them or their point of view, however people tend to only go to one side of
the story. listen while they listen attentively to the other person and their
feelings to make them feel you value them and their point of view
↘ Don't be emotional in your communication because this can lead you to
overreact even if people get emotional the other person will feel you
don't respect them and this reaction leads people to use your judgment
and sympathy as an excuse

________________________________________________________________

@Juffrou_Ansie

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