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Summary Chapter 1 The cell as a unit of Health and Disease
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Chapter 1 Summary of Robbins and Cotran
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JAFU[OS 6< [AO JONN FZ F _GB[ DH AOFN[A FGK KBZOFZO ZGUs ‚ vfrbfgts ft sbg`no gujnodtbko pdsbtbdgs= fnidst fnwfys cbfnnonbj (dgny twdjadbjos oxbst ft f `bvog sbto w/bg tao pdpunftbdg= suja fs F dr [)
Uftadnd`y - pftads (suhhorbg`)= nd`ds (stuky)= stuky dh kbsofso
Uftadnd`y d 8 ibnnbdg auifg ZGU bkogtbhbok=
Jonnunfr pftadnd`y ‚ fnn kbsofso drb`bgfto hrdi tao jonnunfr novon d Djjur fjrdss tao `ogdio ‚ w/bg oxdgs, bgtrdgs, bgtor`ogbj ro`bdgs, fgk
Idkorg pftadnd`y ‚ cfsbjfnny tao stuky dh jonnunfr fcgdrifnbtbos jdkbg` ro`bdgs
d ZGU bg gdg jdkbg` ro`bdgs fro ro`unftdry onoiogts bg tao `ogdio fntors
[AO @OGDIO `ogo oxprossbdg
d Ify co ’goutrfn’ gd ohhojt= usohun ifrmors bh jd-bgaorbtok w/ f kbsofso-
fssdjbftok `ogo
Zoquogjbg`
sjbogjo dh tao auifg `ogdio sorvok fs f nfgkifrm fjabovoiogt
fjabovoiogt dh cbdiokbjfn d ZGU fgk tao jfusftbvo `ogotbj hfjtdr fro bg nbgmf`o oqubnbcrbui
d Ify sorvo fs ifrmors dh rbsm dh iuntb`ogbj jdipnox kbsofsos suja fs KI BB
Gdgjdkbg` KGF fgk ayportogsbdg
d Ohhojt dg kbsofso susjoptbcbnbty bs wofm
Auifg `ogdio jdgtfbgs :.3 cbnnbdg KGF cfso pfbrs JGXs ‚ jdgsbst dh kbhhorogt guicors dh nfr`o jdgtb`udus strotjaos dh KGF hrdi 6555
d 35,555 prdtobg-ogjdkbg` `ogos (6.?% dh tao `ogdio) hugjtbdg fs cfso pfbrs td ibnnbdgs dh cfso pfbrs
ogzyios, strujturfn jdipdgogts, fgk sb`gfnnbg` idnojunos= usok td d Fnsd cbfnnonbj fgk sbipny kupnbjftok dr konotok bg f sucsot
fssoicno fgk ifbgtfbg fnn dh tao jonns bg tao cdky d Sospdgsbcno
Sospdgsbcn o hdr ?-3; ibnnbdg cfso pfbrs dh soquogjo kbhhorogjo cotwoog twd
d 21.?% dh auifg `ogdio kdos gdt ogjdko prdtobgs bgkbvbkufns
Urdtobg jdkbg` `ogos bg ab`aor dr`fgbsis fro sopfrftok cy ndg` strotjaos dh KGF d ?5% bgvdnvo `ogo-jdkbg` soquogjos paogdtypbj kbvorsbty
kogdtok fs „kfrm
„kfrm ifttor’
ifttor’ dh tao `ogdio Opb`ogotbjs ‚ aorbtfcno jafg`os bg `ogo oxprossbdg taft fro gdt jfusok cy
15% dh tao auifg `ogdio cbgks prdtobgs bgvdnvok bg ro`unftbg` `ogo oxprossbdg fntorftbdgs bg KGF soquogjo
Urdtobgs prdvbko cubnkbg` cndjms fgk ifjabgory roqubrok hdr fssoicnbg` jonns
Gdgjdkbg` ro`bdgs dh tao `ogdio ‚ prdvbko tao jrbtbjfn „frjabtojturfn
„frjabtojturfn Abstdgo Dr`fgbzftbdg
pnfggbg`’
Jonn typo-spojbhbj kbhhorogjos bg KGF trfgsjrbptbdg fgk trfgsnftbdg kopogk dg
Ifldr jnfssos dh hugjtbdgfn gdg-prdtobg jdkbg` soquogjos< opb`ogotbj hfjtdrs („fcdvo `ogotbjs’)
Urdidtor fgk - prdvbko cbgkbg` sbtos hdr trfgsjrbpt
trfgsjrbptbdg
bdg hfjtdrs
ogafgjor ro`bdgs Abstdgo fgk Gujnodsdios ‚ jdgsbst dh KGF so`iogts 6;0 cfso pfbrs fgk
Cbgkbg` sbtos hdr - dr`fgbzo fgk ifbgtfbg ab`aor drkor jardiftbg strujturos abstdgo idkbhybg` wrfppok frdugk f jogtrfn jdro dh ndw idnojunfr wob`at
hfjtdrs hfjtdrs prdtobgs jfnnok abstdgos
Gdgjdkbg` - 85% dh `ogdio bs trfgsjrbcok bgtd SGFs taft fro govor KGF-abstdgo jdipnox rosoicnos „cofks’ ldbgok cy KGF
ro`unftdry SGFs trfgsnftok bgtd prdtobg cut jfg ro`unfto `ogo oxprossbdg nbgmors jfnnok jardiftbg
- [wd cost stukbok vfrbotbos< KGF bs gdt ugbhdriny fgk jdipfjtny wdugk
d Ibjrd SGFs Gujnofr jardiftbg oxbst bg twd cfsbj hdris ft NI<
d
Ndg` gdgjdkbg` SGFs 6. Aotordjardiftbg ‚ jytdjaoibjfnny kogso fgk
Idcbno `ogotbj - 6/: dh `ogdio bs jdipdsok dh taoso onoiogts trfgsjrbptbdgfnny
trfgsjrbptbdg fnny bgfjtbvo
onoiogts (o.`. - „luipbg` `ogos’
`ogos’ 3. Oujardiftbg ‚ jytdjaoibjfnny kbsporsok fgk
trfgspdgsdgs) - Jfg idvo frdugk tao `ogdio, oxabcbtbg` wbko vfrbftbdg bg trfgsjrbptbdgfnny
trfgsjrbptbdg fnny fjtbvo
guicor fgk pdsbtbdgbg` bg jndsony ronftok spojbos „_gwdugk’ pdrtbdg
pdrtbdg dh gujnofr ja
jardift
rdiftbg
bg ro`unftos `ogo
- [aoy fro bipnbjftok bg `ogo ro`unftbdg fgk jardiftbg oxprossbdg fgk kbjtftos jonnunfr bkogtbty fgk fjtbvbty
dr`fgbzftbdg Abstdgos fro gdt stftbj cut fro ab`any kygfibj
Zpojbfn strujturfn - [ondioros ‚ jardidsdio ogks „Jardiftbg roidkonnbg` jdipnoxojdipnoxos’ s’ ropdsbtbdg
ro`bdgs dh KGF - Jogtrdioros ‚ jardidsdio „totaors’ gujnodsdios dg KGF oxpdsos `ogo ro`unftdry onoiogts
(prdidtors)
Udnyidrpabsi s ‚ `ogotbj vfrbftbdgs= ifgy fro fssdjbftok wbta kbsofsos
Udnyidrpabsis „Jardiftbg wrbtor jdipno
jdipnoxos’
xos’ jfrry dut 705 kbhhorogt
Xfrbftbdg bg `ogo
`ogo ro`unftbdg bs idro bipdrtfgt bg k
kbsofso
bsofso jfusftbdg tafg strujturfn abstdgo idkbhbjftbdgs kogdtok fs ifrms
d Fntorftbdgs bgjnuko
bgjnuko iotaynftbdg, fjotynftbdg,
fjotynftbdg,
jafg`os bg spojbhbj prdtobgs
padspadrynftbdg
[wd idst jdiidg hdris dh KGF vfrbftbdg bg tao auifg `ogdio fro< Fjtbvo `ogos bg oujardiftbg
oujardiftbg fro fssd.w/ a abstdgo
bstdgo ifrms taft
d Zbg`no-gujnodtbko
Zbg`no-gujnodtbko pdnyidrpa
pdnyidrpabsi bsi (ZGU) ifmo tao KGF fjjossbcno td SGF pdnyiorfso
d Jdpy guicor vfrbftbdgs (JGX) Bgfjtbvo `ogos afvo abstdgo ifrms taft ogfcno KGF
jdipfjtbdg bgtd aotordjardiftbg
fciritik
, Abstdgo ifrms fro rovorsbcno tardu`a tao fjtbvbty dh Ndg` Gdgjdkbg` SGF (ngjSGF)
„jardiftbg orfsors’
orfsors’ Ify oxjook guicor dh jdkbg` iSGFs cy 65 td 35-hdnk
„Jardiftbg rofkors’
rofkors’ ‚ cbgk abstdgos taft cofr ifrms fgk ngjSGFs idkunfto `ogo oxprossbdg bg ifgy wfys <
ro`unfto `ogo oxprossbdg d o.`., cbgk td ro`bdgs dh jardiftbg, rostrbjtbg
rostrbjtbg`
` SGF pdnyiorfso fjjoss td
Abstdgo Nysbgos fgk fr`bgbgos ‚ jfg co iotaynftok cy spojbhbj wrbtor jdkbg` `ogos w/bg tao ro`bdg
iotaynftbdg ogzyios QBZ[ ‚ roprossbvo hugjtbdg= trfgsjrbcok hrdi tao Q jardidsdio= pnfys ossogtbfn rdno
Iotaynftbdg dh nysbgo rosbkuos bg abstdgo bs fssd.w/ obtaor bg paysbdnd`bj Q jardidsdio bgfjtbvftbdg
trfgsjrbptbdgfnn fjtbvftbdg dr roprossbdg
trfgsjrbptbdgf d QBZ[ osjfpos Q bgfjtbvftbdg hdris f roprossbvo jndfm dg tao Q
Abstdgo Nysbgo rosbkuos fro fjotynftok cy abstdgo fjotyn jardidsdio rosuntbg` bg `ogo sbnogjbg`
fjotynftbdg trfgshorfso (AF[) idkbhbjftbdgs togk td dpog up tao
jardiftbg fgk bgjrofso trfgsjrbptbdg Ogafgjors ‚ sbtos dh ngjSGF sygtaosbs
Abstdgo kofjotynfsos (AKFJ) rovorsos jafg`os= nofk td
jardiftbg jdgkogsftbdg
jdgkogsftbdg JONN_NFS AD_ZOMOOUBG@
Abstdgo Zorbgo rosbkuos jfg co idkbhbok cy padspadrynftbdg
padspadrynftbdg Kopogkbg` dg tao spojbhbj rosbkuo, tao KGF ify co dpogok up
Hugkfiogtfn jonnunfr adusomoopbg` hugjtbdgs<
hdr trfgsjrbptbdg dr jdgkogsok td cojdio bgfjtbvo
d Urdtojtbdg hrdi ogvbrdgiogt
ogvbrdgiogt
KGF iotaynftbdg Ab`a novons dh KGF iotaynftbdg bg `ogo ro`unftdry onoiogts
rosunt bg trfgsjrbptbdgfn sbnogjbg` d Gutrbogt fjqubsbtbdg
[b`atny ro`unftok cy iotayntrfgshorfsos , koiotaynftbg` d Jdiiugbjftbdg
ogzyios fgk iotaynftok-KGF-cbgkbg` prdtobgs d Idvoiogt
Jardiftbg Cbgk td gdgjdkbg` ro`bdgs fgk jdgtrdn ndg`-rfg`o nddpbg` dh d Sogowfn dh sogosjogt idnojunos
dr`fgbzbg` KGF bipdrtfgt bg ro`unftbg` tao spftbfn ronftbdgsabps d Idnojunfr jftfcdnbsi
hfjtdrs cotwoog `ogo ogafgjors fgk prdidtors taft jdgtrdn `ogo d Ogor`y `ogorftbdg
oxprossbdg Ifgy gdrifn adusomoopbg` hugjtbdgs fro jdipfrtiogtfnbzok w/bg tao ioicrfgo-
cdugk bgtrfjonnunfr dr`fgonnos
Ibjrd-SGF fgk Ndg` Gdgjdkbg` SGF d Udtogtbfnny bglurbdus
bglurbdus ko`rfkftbvo ogzyios dr rofjtbvo iotfcdnbtos jfg co
jdgjogtrftok dr stdrok ft ab`a jdgjogtrftbdgs bg spojbhbj dr`fgonnos w/d
Fgdtaor iojafgbsi
iojafgbsi dh `ogo ro`un
ro`unftbdg
ftbdg kopogks dg ta
tao
o hugjtbdgs dh gdgjdkbg`
gdgjdkbg` SGFs rbsmbg` kfif`o td dtaor jonnunfr jdgstbtuogts
ogjdkok cy `ogos taft fro trfgsjrbcok cut gdt trfgsnftok d Jroftos ugbquo bgtrfjonnunfr ogvbrdgiogts ro`unftos hugjtbdg
d ibjrdSGFs (sifnn SGF idnojunos) Gow prdtobgs (kostbgok hdr pnfsif ioicrfgo) fro sygtaosbzok bg tao rOS
d ndg` gdgjdkbg` SGFs (7355 gujnodtbkos bg nog`ta) fgk paysbjfnny fssoicnok bg tao @dn`b fppfrftus
d Urdtobgs bgtogkok hdr tao jytdsdn fro sygtaosbzok dg hroo rbcdsdios
Ibjrd-SGF (ibSGF) sOS ‚ fcugkfgt bg `dgfks fgk nbvor
ibSGFs kd gdt ogjdko prdtobgs hugjtbdg prbifrbny td idkunfto tao d usok hdr stordbk adridgo fgk nbpdprdtobg sygtaosbs
sygtaosbs
trfgsnftbdg dh tfr`ot iSGFs bgtd taobr jdrrospdgkbg` prdtobgs d usok hdr idkbhbjftbdg dh aykrdpadcbj jdipdugks (o.`., kru`s) bgtd wftor-
Udsttrfgsjrbptbdgfn sbnogjbg` dh `ogo oxprossbdg cy ibSGF bs f hugkfiogtfn fgk sdnucno idnojunos hdr oxpdrt
wonn-jdgsorvok iojafgbsi dh `ogo ro`unftbdg prosogt bg fnn oumfrydtos Jftfcdnbsi dh jdgstbtuogts tfmos pnfjo ft taroo kbhhorogt sbtos fgk sorvos kbhhorogt
Auifg `ogdio ogjdkos fpprdx 6555 ibSGF `ogos
hugjtbdgs<
ibSGFs fppofr td ro`unfto iuntbpno prdtobg-jdkbg` `ogos, fnndwbg` ofja ibSGF td jd-
ro`unfto ogtbro prd`rfis dh `ogo oxprossbdg d Nysdsdios ‚ bgtrfjonnunfr dr`fgonnos= jdgtfbg ko`rfkftbvo ogzyios taft
[rfgsjrbptbdg dh ibSGF `ogos prdkujos prbifry ibSGF prdjossok fgk trbiiok poribt tao kb`ostbdg dh f wbko-rfg`o dh ifjrdidnojunos bgjnukbg` prdtobgs,
cy tao ogzyio KBJOS `ogorftok ifturo sbg`no-strfgkok ibSGF fssd.w/ pdnysfjjafrbkos,
pdnysfjjafrbk os, nbpbks, gujnobj fjbks
iuntbprdtobg
iuntbprdtobg f``ro`fto jfnnok SGF-bgkujok sbnogjbg` jdipnox (SBZJ) d Urdtofsdios ‚ „`rbgko
„`rbgkor’=
r’= sonojtbvony jaows up kogfturok prdtobg
prdtobgs,
s,
Cfso pfbrbg` cotwoog tao ibSGF strfgk fgk bts tfr`ot iSGF kbrojts SBZJ td obtaor ronofsbg` poptbkos= bg sdio jfsos poptbkos jfg co prosogtok fs IAJ B
bgkujo iSGF jnofvf`o dr ropross bts trfgsnftbdg idnojunos= sb`gfnnbg`
sb`gfnnbg` idnojunos trb``or tao prdtofsdifn ko`rfkftbdg dh
Zook soquogjo ‚ hdugk bg fnn iSGF bg taobr :-ugtrfgsnf
:-ugtrfgsnftok
tok ro`bdg (_[S) taft
go`ftbvo ro`unftdry prdtobgs, nofkbg` td fjtbvftbdg dh pftawfys taft fntor
kotoribgos tao spojbhbjbty dh ibSGF cbgkbg` fgk `ogo sbnogjbg`
d [fr`ot iSGF bs pdsttrfgsjr
pdsttrfgsjrbptbdgfnny
bptbdgfnny sbnogjok trfgsjrbptbdg
Zifnn bgtorhorbg` SGFs (sbSGFs) ‚ sadrt SGF soquogjos taft jfg co bgtrdkujok d Uordxbsdios ‚ pnfy spojufnbzok rdno bg tao crofmkdwg dh hftty fjbks,
bgtd jonns `ogorftbg` aykrd`og pordxbko bg tabs prdjoss
d Zorvos fs sucstrftos hdr Kbjor fgk bgtorfjt w/ SBZJ jdipnox Ogkdsdifn vosbjnos ‚ sauttno bgtorgfnbzok iftorbfn td bgtrfjonnunfr sbtos dr kbrojt
Mgdjmkdwg tojagdnd`y ‚ sygtaotbj sbSGFs tfr`otok f`fbgst spojbhbj iSGFs td gowny sygtaosbzok iftorbfns td jonn surhfjo dr tfr`otok dr`fgonno
stuky `ogo hugjtbdg
Jonn idvoiogt bs fjjdipnbsaok tardu`a tao jytdsmonotdg
fciritik
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