Exam (elaborations)
Portage Organic Chem Module 5 Questions & answers.
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Portage Organic Chem Module 5 Questions & answers.
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Chem&219Unit
5
Questions
&
answers
Generic
formula
for
alcohols
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-R-OH
phenol
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-hydroxy-substituted
aromatic
molecules
(any
compound
with
an
-OH
attached
to
a
benzene
ring)
IUPAC
system
rules
for
naming
organic
alcohols
-
CORRECT
ANSWER--
organic
alcohols
are
named
by
replacing
the
suffix
of
the
parent
chain
of
the
molecule
with
the
suffix
-ol
-
The
parent
chain
is
numbered
so
as
to
give
the
hydroxyl
group
the
lowest
possible
number.
(examples:
1-propanol,
and
cyclohexanol)
-
with
unsaturated
alcohols
the
-ol
suffix
comes
last
and
takes
priority
when
numbering
the
parent
chain
(2-propene-1-ol)
-
Molecules
with
more
than
one
-OH
group
get
a
prefix
describing
the
number
of
-OH
groups
added
to
the
IUPAC
name.
(ethane-1,2-diol)
Molecules
with
more
than
one
-OH
group
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-polyols
IUPAC
rules
for
phenols
-
CORRECT
ANSWER--
the
suffix
for
an
alcohol
substituted
benzene
is
"phenol"
-
start
the
numbering
at
the
OH
group
(so
OH
is
at
the
1
position)
(examples:
phenol,
3-methylphenol,
2,4-dinitrophenol)
Why
can
alcohols
form
strong
hydrogen
bonds?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-Due
to
the
presence
of
the
hydroxyl
group,
as
the
O-H
bond
is
highly
polarized
by
the
electronegative
oxygen
atom.
This
polarization
places
a
+
charge
on
the
hydrogen
atom
and
a
-
charge
on
the
oxygen
atom.
The
polarization
in
the
O-H
bond
on
one
alcohol
molecule
becomes
attracted
to
the
polarization
in
the
O-H
bond
of
another
alcohol
molecule. Why
do
alcohols
have
much
higher
boiling
points
than
other
molecules
of
similar
molecular
weight?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-hydrogen
bonding
between
alcohol
molecules
These
attractions
raise
the
amount
of
energy
required
to
vaporize
the
liquid-phase
molecules
(boil),
which
translates
into
increased
boiling
point
temperatures.
Alcohol
molecules
can
freely
hydrogen
bond
to
other
molecules
possessing
what
groups?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-O-H,
N-H,
or
S-H
functional
groupings
How
does
the
water
solubility
of
alcohol
molecules
change
as
the
molecular
weight
changes?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-Alcohol
molecules
of
lower
molecular
weight
are
mostly
soluble
in
water
as
a
result
of
the
ability
to
hydrogen
bond
to
OH,
NH,
or
SH
groups.
As
the
molecular
weight
or
carbon-chain
length
increases,
the
alcohol
molecules
become
correspondingly
less
soluble
in
water.
How
do
alcohols
and
phenols
act
as
weak
acids
and
weak
bases?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER--
acts
as
an
acid
by
donating
the
O-H
proton
as
H
-
acts
as
a
base
by
accepting
H+
using
a
lone
pair
on
the
O
atom
amphoteric
substances
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-Substances
that
can
act
as
both
acids
and
bases
(alcohols
and
phenols)
Why
is
acid
dissociation
for
most
alcohols
unfavorable
(lies
towards
the
left)?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-Dissociation
produces
an
alkoxide
ion
(the
conjugate
base
of
an
alcohol),
which
is
a
very
strong
base.
How
can
you
conduct
acid-base
reactions
that
favor
the
formation
of
weaker
conjugate
acids/bases?
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-To
promote
(favor)
the
formation
of
the
alkoxide
ion,
the
alcohol
can
be
treated
with
sodium
or
potassium
metal
(Na
or
K)
or
a
base
that
is
stronger
than
the
RO-
ion
produced.
protonation
of
an
alcohol
-
CORRECT
ANSWER-When
alcohols
act
as
weak
bases
by
using
a
lone
pair
on
the
oxygen
atom
of
the
hydroxyl
group,
alcohols
can
accept
a
proton
when
they
are
placed
in
an
acidic
environment.
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