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Summary Grade 11 Agricultural Science Notes

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  • Course
  • Agricultural Sciences
  • Institution
  • 11th Grade

Has a lot of activities for you to practice on that have no answers Has summary notes that provide clear explanations on key concepts of Agricultural science grade 11

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  • April 25, 2024
  • 111
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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  • summary notes and actvities

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  • 11th Grade
  • Agricultural Sciences
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Grade 11 Notes Agricultural sciences




GRADE 11
NOTES AND ACTIVITY BOOKLET




By E.C. Mabuza

,Agricultural sciences -Notes- Grade 11




Topic 1: Basic chemistry
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the properties, composition and structure of matter, the
changes that occur in matter, and the energy that is released during these changes.

1. Important chemistry terminology
 Matter- Is anything that can occupy space and has mass (it weighs
something) and volume (it take up space)
 Atom- is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by
chemical means
They are made up of the following sub-atomic particle; neutron,
proton and electron
 Proton- is a subatomic particle with a positive charge
 Neutron- is a subatomic particle with no charge
 Electron-is a subatomic particle with a negative charge
 Valence electron- is the electron in the outer shell of an atom
It is determined by the main group number of an element found in
its column in a periodic table e.g Carbon is in group 4 and has 4
valence electron
 Atomic number- number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
 Atomic mass number- number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom
 Element- is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
substance by chemical means (element adhere to form a molecule)
 Molecule- is a group of two or more atoms which are bond
together to form a compound (molecule can be broken down
chemically into elements they made up of)
e.g water molecule (H2O) is made up of two hydrogen atom and
one oxygen atom
carbon dioxide (CO2) is made up of 1 carbon atom and two
oxygen atom
 Compound- substance that result from a combination of two or
more different elements
 Periodic table- is the table of all the known elements arranged in
order of their atomic number
 Isotopes- element that has equal number of proton but different
number of neutrons



1 By Mr E.C. Mabuza

,Agricultural sciences -Notes- Grade 11



 Mixture- two or more substance which has been combined such
that each substance retains its own chemical identity.
e.g salt in water (salt dissolve in hot water)
Activity 1 (chemistry concepts)
1.1 Define the following concepts;
(a) matter
(b) Atom
(c) Proton
(d) Neutron
(e) Periodic table
(f) Atomic number
(g) Atomic mass number
(h) Isotope
(i) Element
(j) Molecule
Activity 2 (chemistry concepts)
1.1 analyse the flow chart below and answer the questions based on it




1.1.1 Identify the substance labelled A, B and C (3)
1.1.2 Explain the differences between an element and substance in (2)
1.1.3 Distinguish between the mixtures B and C (2)


2. The periodic table
Is the table of all known chemical elements in order of atomic number.
Elements in a periodic table are arranged in a series of rows and
columns based on shared chemical and physical properties at room
temperature (they may be gas, liquid or solid)



2 By Mr E.C. Mabuza

, Agricultural sciences -Notes- Grade 11




Interpreting a periodic table
Periodic table groups
Groups in a periodic table are numbered 1-18 from left to right
 Group 1: made up of alkali metals (note: hydrogen is not
considered a metal)
Alkali metals are very reactive (most reactive group in the periodic
table)
They react violently with water
Has one valence electron
 Group 2: made up of alkali earth metals
alkali earth metals are very reactive, but less reactive than alkali
metal
Has two valence electron
Differences between alkali metals and alkali earth metals

Alkali metal: have one electron in their outermost shell
Alkaline earth metal: has two outer shell electrons
Similarities between alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
They are both good electrical and heat conductors
They are the most reactive metals in the periodic table
They have low melting point compared to other metals


3 By Mr E.C. Mabuza

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