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APHY 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024

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APHY 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024 What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts What are the levels of organization? subatomic particles, atom, molecule, ...

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APHY 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers
2024
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of
body parts


What are the levels of organization?
subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism


What are the requirements of life?
Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure


What are the characteristics of life?
Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth
(increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration
(use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of
substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids);
Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic
wastes)


Define homeostasis
Body's maintenance of a stable environment


What is a homeostatic mechanism?
the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are
regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure


Define matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.


Define element
fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms


Define atoms
smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter


What is the structure of an atom?
An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.


Atomic nucleus
the nucleus contains protons and neutrons


Proton

,subatomic particle that has a positive charge


Neutron
subatomic particle that has no charge


Electron
subatomic particle that has a negative charge


Atomic number
number or protons in nucleus


Atomic mass
number of protons plus number of neutrons


What are covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells


What are ionic bonds?
2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
atom


What are hydrogen bonds?
Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar
molecule; formed between water molecules


Define ion
When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.


Define synthesis reaction
Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together


Define decomposition reaction
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones


Define exchange reaction
Parts of molecules trade places


Define reactant
The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules


Define product
Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction

, Define catalyst
influence the rates of chemical reactions


What is an acid?
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water


What is a base?
Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water


What is a salt?
Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes


What is a pH scale?
represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution


Neutral solution
pH 7;
indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-


Acidic solution
pH less than
7; indicates a greater concentration of H+


Basic solution
pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-


What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule?
organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic compounds do not


What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions link monomers together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis
breaks polymers into monomers using a water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and
polymers are chains of monomers.


What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities. These molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.


What are lipids?
Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are insoluble in water and include fats,
phospholipids, and steroids.


What are proteins?

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