BIOL 203 FINAL EXAM REVIEW ACCURATE 100%

Digestion - ANSWER breaks down food into nutrients Absorption - ANSWER brings the nutrients into the cells of the small intestine for transport to other body cells path of food through the body - ANSWER - mouth -esophagus -upper and lower esophageal sphincters -stomach -pyloric sphincter -small intestine -ileocecal sphincter -large intestine -past the appendix -rectum -anus ***The wavelike contractions of peristalsis and the periodic squeezing of segmentation, keeps things moving ***Along the way, secretions from the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and small intestine deliver fluids and digestive enzymes Importance of the many folds and villi of the small intestine - ANSWER increase its surface area, making nutrient absorption efficient nutrients pass through the cells of the intestinal villi and enter the BLOOD if... - ANSWER they are water soluble or small fat fragments nutrients pass through the cells of the intestinal villi and enter the LYMPH if... - ANSWER they are fat soluble Nutrients leaving the digestive system via the BLOOD are routed directly to the _______ before being transported to the body's cells - ANSWER liver Nutrients leaving the digestive system via the LYMPHATIC system bypass the ______ at first, but eventually enter the _________ via the thoracic duct, which opens into the subclavian vein - ANSWER liver, vascular system bacteria - ANSWER supports GI health the regulation of GI processes depends on the coordinated efforts of: - ANSWER the hormonal system and the nervous system Describe the challenges associated with digesting food and the solutions offered by the human body - ANSWER Describe the path food follows as it travels through the digestive system. Summarize the muscular actions that take place along the way - ANSWER Name five organs that secrete digestive juices. How do the juices and enzymes facilitate digestion? - ANSWER What is the name of the semiliquid, partially digested food that travels through the intestinal tract? - ANSWER chyme What are the muscular contractions that propel food through the GI tract called? - ANSWER peristalsis What is the main function of bile? - ANSWER to emulsify fats