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AP Biology Exam Key Words Questions and Answers

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AP Biology Exam Key Words Questions and Answers Elements Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen Four elements most commonly found in organisms Trace Elements (only required in very small quantities) Iron, iodi...

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  • May 7, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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AP Biology Exam Key Words Questions and
Answers
Elements
Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means


Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
Four elements most commonly found in organisms


Trace Elements (only required in very small quantities)
Iron, iodine, copper


Atom
The smallest unit of an element that retains its characteristic properties


Proton
Small subatomic particles, located in the nucleus, positively charge particles


Electrons
Negatively charged, spin outside nucleus


Neutron
Inside nucleus, uncharged particles


Ionic bond
Formed between two atoms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to the other


Covalent bond
Formed when electrons are shared between atoms


Nonpolar covalent
Electrons are shared equally between atoms


Polar covalent
Electrons are shared unequally


Cohesion
Water molecules have a strong tendency to stick together


Adhesion
Water molecules also like to stick to other substances


Heat capacity
The ability of a substance to store heat

, Acidic solution
Releases a lot of hydrogen ions (H+) if dissolved in water


Basic solution
Do not release hydrogen ions when added to water, they release a lot of hydroxide (OH-) ions.


pH scale
The acidity or alkalinity of a solution can be measured using this scale


Organic compounds
Compounds that contain a skeleton of carbon atoms


Inorganic compounds
Molecules that do not contain carbon atoms ex: (NaCl), carbon dioxide is the exception


Carbohydrates
Organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen


Monosaccharides
One-sugar molecule, the simplest sugars


Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides brought together. Hydrogen from (-H) from one sugar molecule combines with
the hydroxyl group (-OH) of another sugar molecule, water is removed and the two molecules of
monosaccharides are chemically linked


Polysaccharides
Made of many repeated units of monosaccharides


Glycogen
Animals store glucose in molecules in this form in the liver and muscle cells


Cellulose
Major part of cell wall in plants


Glucose
Six-carbon sugar; C6H12O6; most popular sugar, extremely abundant monosaccharide. Plants
produce this while capturing sunlight for energy, while cells break it down to release stored energy


Dehydration synthesis
A water molecule is lost

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