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AP Biology Exam Review Chapters 1-9 Questions and Answers
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AP Biology Exam Review Chapters 1-9 Questions and Answers prokaryote unicellular organism that doesn't have a nucleus eukaryote organism whose cell contains its genetic material inside a nucleus (includes all life other than viruses, archaea, and bacteria) endosymbiosis theory theory ...

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  • May 7, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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AP Biology Exam Review Chapters 1-9
Questions and Answers
prokaryote
unicellular organism that doesn't have a nucleus


eukaryote
organism whose cell contains its genetic material inside a nucleus (includes all life other than viruses,
archaea, and bacteria)


endosymbiosis theory
theory that the eukaryotic cell evolved via engulfing of one prokaryotic cell by another


hydrolysis
breaking a polymer from the addition of water


polymer
macromolecule made of monomers


monomer
a simple molecule that always has at least 1 water


functional groups
certain small groups of atoms found consistently together within biological molecules


carbohydrates
large structural molecules that transport stored energy


monosaccharides
simplest form of a carbohydrate, consist of at least 1 sugar


glycosidic linkages
formed by linkage of monosaccharides via condensation


triglyceride
a lipid composed of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules


saturated fatty acid
fatty acid containing one or more signle-bonded carbon pairs with hydrogen, solid fat, high melting
point


unsaturated fatty acid
fatty acid containing one or more double-bonded carbon pairs, oils, low melting point

, amphipathic
a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions


phospholipids
composed of 1 glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acid molecules, and 1 phosphate compound, form bilayer,
amphipathic


metabolism
total number of chemical reactions in a biological system


anabolic reaction
links simple molecules to form more complex molecules (endergonic)


catabolic reaction
breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules (exergonic)


1st Law of Thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed


2nd Law of Thermodynamics
100% efficiency is impossible when transforming energy


cell theory
states that cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms, all cells come
from pre-existing cells


plasma membrane
surrounds the cell, regulates the entry and exit of molecules and ions


organelle
membrane-enclosed structures within a eukaryotic cell


nucleoid
region that harbors chromosomes of a prokaryotic cell


cytoplasm
fluid that contains contents of the cell


cytosol
the fluid portion of cytoplasm, excludes organelles and solids


ribosome
a small particle in the cell that is the site of protein synthesis

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