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AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT TERMS (2024)
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AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT TERMS (2024)
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AP COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT TERMS (2024)State ✔✔synonymous with country. A nation or territory considered
as an organized political community under one government, exercise
sovereignty & has institutions
Nation ✔✔a group of people with a national identity, may or may not
transcend borders of a state (e.g. Palestinians)
Sovereignty ✔✔the ability to carry out actions or policies within a
state's borders independently from interference either from the inside
or outside.
Parliamentary system ✔✔no separation between executive and
legislative branches. Controlled by majority party and strong party
ties/discipline, prime minister chosen from majority party
Presidential System ✔✔Separation of powers between executive and
legislative branches, with a system of checks and balances. Power is
diffused, and policymaking can be less effective (divided government)
Civil society ✔✔the way citizens organize and define themselves and
their interests. Formal and informal organizations that operate in public
but are not part of the governmen
,Regime ✔✔set of fundamental institutions and rules that govern
political activity. Regime changes involve a complete overhaul of a
state's system of governing (Egypt - Mubarak, Morsi, military all
different regimes)
Government ✔✔organization of individuals who are legally
empowered to make binding decisions on behalf of a community (e.g.
Obama administration, 113th congress etc.)
Legitimacy ✔✔the right to rule, as determined by the citizens.
Pluralism (interest groups) ✔✔power is split among many groups that
compete for the chance to influence the government's decision making.
Corporatism ✔✔an arrangement in which government officials
interact with people/groups outside the government before they set
policy
Political culture ✔✔the collection of political beliefs, values, practices
and institutions that the government is based on
Coup d'etat ✔✔Leaders are challenged by others who use force to
depose them, replace old leaders with new ones, usually carried out by
the military
, Democratization ✔✔process where more and more countries are
turning toward some form of popular government; also countries that
are un-democratic becoming more so.
Liberal democracies ✔✔display other democratic characteristics
beyond having competitive elections (civil liberties, rule of law,
neutrality of the judiciary, open civil society, civilian control of the
military)
Illiberal democracies ✔✔a.k.a. "procedural democracies;" countries
with democratic procedures in place, but have significant restrictions on
them. (e.g. rule of law may be in place, but might not be followed
consistently by those in power.)
Head of state ✔✔a role that symbolizes the power and nature of the
regime (e.g. queen of england)
Head of government ✔✔a role that deals with everyday tasks of
running the government (e.g. prime minister of england)
Socialism ✔✔communism/capitalism hybrid; shares values of equality
but also freedom. Promotes private ownership and free market
principles, but state has a strong role to play in regulating the economy
and providing benefits to the public to ensure some equality
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