NURS 223: Exam 2 [Chapters 18, 35-40, 48-49] Well-Enlightened with 100% correct answers.

The nurse and nursing student are assessing a client experiencing shock. The nurse teaches the student that which of these findings reflects compensatory sympathetic stimulation in a shock state? a) decrease in the serum creatinine b) overgrowth of the glomerular basement membrane c) increase in thyroid hormone production d) decreased urine output correct answers d) decreased urine output During periods of strong sympathetic stimulation, such as shock, constriction of the afferent arteriole causes a marked decrease in renal blood flow and thus glomerular filtration pressure. Consequently,urine output can fall almost to zero. The nurse is explaining to the parents of a 23-week premature infant the reason their baby needs to be on mechanical ventilation. The education is successful when the parents state that they understand their baby was born before the type II alveolar cells could mature which has caused a a) deficiency of conducting airways b) deficiency of surfactant c) deficiency of type I alveolar cells d) deficiency of alveoli correct answers b) deficiency of surfactant Surfactant is essential in supporting lung compliance by the reduction of surface tension allowing a greater ease of lung inflation. Type II alveolar cells synthesize surfactant which is composed of phospholipids, neutral lips and proteins. Type II alveolar cells do not begin to mature until the 26th to 27th week of gestation; therefore it is not unusual for premature infants to have insufficient levels of surfactant leading to alveolar collapse and respiratory distress. Mechanical ventilation helps to support the respiratory system Completion of a client's pulmonary function study has yielded the following data: tidal volume, 500 mL; inspiratory reserve, 3100 mL; expiratory reserve, 1200 mL; residual volume, 1200 mL; functional residual capacity, 2400 mL. What is this client's inspiratory capacity? a) 3600 mL b) 2600 mL c) 5500 mL d) More data are needed correct answers a) 3600 mL Inspiratory capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume and tidal volume. What does the equation C = ΔV/ΔP stand for? a) Surface tension inside the lungs b) Lung compliance c) Airway resistance d) Change in peak expiratory flow correct answers b) Lung compliance