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A Level Philosophy Metaphysics of the Mind AQA Exam 2024 Comprehensive Review
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A Level Philosophy Metaphysics ofthe Mind AQA Exam
2024 Comprehensive Review
Dualist Theories - Answer>> There are 2 kinds of things
Physicalism - Answer>> There is only one kind of thing:
physical
Substance Dualism - Answer>> The theory that there is two
kinds of substances: Mental substances and Physical substances
and that the mind is distinct from the body.
The Mind and the Brain - Answer>> Dualists deny that the mind
is the same thing as the brain. Instead, dualists argue that the
mind is something completely different to the brain - something
non - physical.
Descartes Doubting Argument - Answer>> Introspection:
Looking into our mental states.
1) Descartes cannot doubt that he has a mind (the cogito)
2) He can however doubt that he has a body.
3) Therefore, the mind and body cannot be identical.
Masked Man Fallacy Response - Answer>> Just because two
things appear to be different, doesn't mean they are different. For
example, we may know water, but not know its chemical
composition is H20. This doesn't mean that water and H20 are
different things. All it means is that we have two different
descriptions and that we are simply unaware that the two
descriptions are describing the same thing.
, Descartes' Indivisibility Argument - Answer>> 1) A body is
divisible
2) A mind is indivisible
C) The mind and the body must be separate substances
Principle of the Indiscernibility of Identicals - Answer>>
Proposed by Leibniz, things are only identical if they share exactly
the same properties. If they have different properties, they are
different things.
Issues with the Indivisibility Argument - Answer>> 1) Is it
possible to think of everything physical as being divisible?
2) Is the mental divisible? Instances of multiple - personality
disorder show that it is.
The mental in divisible in some sense - Answer>> The
conscious and unconscious mind - you may desire one thing and
do another. The example of blind sight shows individuals being
able to guess the location of an object even when their conscious
mind declares that they have no knowledge of the location.
(divided mind)
Descartes response - Answer>> Bodies are spatially divisible
but minds are functionally divisible. The mind may have parts that
do different things but that the Mind still has unity.
Physicalists reply - Answer>> Challenge the idea that the mind
is a substance; non-physical stuff does not exist. Instead the brain
has properties. We would not expect the properties of a brain to
be divisible; e.g the property of being bored doesn't make sense.
Only spatial properties would be divisible.
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