FNDH 620 Nutrient Metabolism EXAM 1 | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version

FNDH 620 Nutrient Metabolism EXAM 1 | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version The organelle that serves as the digestive system in the cell is the A. Polysome B. Endosome C. Lysosome D. Ribosome E. Intestine - C. Lysosome T/F: Peripheral proteins function primarily as ion channels and active transporters. - False What is cell signaling? A. The process a cell goes through before it becomes functional B. Nerve impulses that cause motion C. Biochemical reactions that convey a message to a DNA promoter D. The process of protein catabolism - C. Biochemical reactions that convey a message to a DNA promoter T/F: The ingested nutrients are usually digested on microvilli and absorbed by the matured mucosal epithelium (enterocytes). - True Your patient has just been treated for Helicobacter pylori infection and wants to decrease the irritation of the acid released by the stomach. Therefore, you prescribe a drug that: A. Stimulates gastric release B. Stimulates histamine release C. Stimulates secretin release D. All of the above E. None of the above - C. Stimulates secretin release T/F: HCl is released by parietal cells and creates an acidic environment in the stomach. - True The bile consists of: A. Bile acids B. Cholesterol C. Phospholipids D. Bilirubin E. All of the above - E. All of the above The large intestine is segmented into: A. Cecum, colon, anal canal, and rectum B. Colon, cecum, anal canal, and rectum C. Colon, cecum, rectum, and anal canal D. Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal - D. Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal What is the current range of carbohydrate intake in the United States? A. 25-40% B. 40-60% C. 60-70% D. 70-80% - B. 40-60% HOT TOPIC: Should we eat less or no carbohydrates for weight control and healthy benefit? - Currently Americans consumed 40-60% of calories from carbohydrates. Typically a low-carbohydrate diet means 40% calories. So if you consume 2,000 calories a day, you would eat 800 calories from carbohydrates or 200g of carbohydrates. A low-carbohydrate diet mostly likes a food high in fat (ketogenic diet) and/or protein (Atkins diet). Naturally occurring monosaccharides in our diets are D-configurations, because: A. They optically bend the light to the right (Dextrorotatory) B. The hydroxyl group from the highest numbered chiral carbon is located on the right in Fisher projection C. They have more than one chiral carbon D. They are (+)-monosaccharides E. They are a-monosaccharides - B. The hydroxyl group, from the highest numbered chiral carbon is located on the right in Fisher projection Which of the following properties best describes pentodes? A. Pentodes provide a significant amount of energy B. Pentoses are key constituents of NADP+ C. Pentoses are used for synthesis of hexoses D. Pentoses are prevalent in diet E. Pentoses are aldoses - B. Pentoses are key constituents of NADP+ What is the basic source of energy for all cells in the human body? A. Galactose B. Cellulose C. Amino acids D. Glucose - D. Glucose All of the following compounds are reducing sugars except: A. Glucose