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Experimental Psychology - Summary - 2018

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 131 views  7 purchases
  • Course
  • Experimental Psychology (530038B6)
  • Institution
  • Tilburg University (UVT)
  • Book
  • Psychology

This extensive summary covers chapters 1-8 and 10 of "Psychology - Second European Edition" by Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, and Hood and additional information from the lectures. The other chapters were not exam material in the academic year of 2018/ 2019.

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Document information

  • No
  • Chapters 1-8, 10
  • May 27, 2019
  • 111
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

Subjects

  • psychology
  • experimental psychology

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  • Tilburg University (UVT)
  • Psychologie
  • Experimental Psychology (530038B6)
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Content preview

Experimental
Psychology

, Chapter 1 PSYCHOLOGY : THE EVOLUTION
OF A SCIENCE


brain
Alan Turning biological computational device
•
: =


•

Charles Darwin ; theories explained why our minds work the way they do
1853
;
"



Psychology first
appeared in

not Science before
" "
↳ a

↳ unobservable workings of the human mind
+ lack of suitable methods of measurement
.

scientists an across Europa ( Germany ,
France
,
Britain ,
...
)
but USA
esp .




FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY


PSYCHOLOGY
-


The scientific Study Of mind and behavior .




MIND -
Our private inner experience
of perceptions ,


thoughts ,
memories and
Feelings
BEHAVIOR -

Observable actions of human beings and
nonhuman animals .




BIOLOGICAL The study of how biology interacts with
-




PSYCHOLOGY psychological processes .




" '



COGNITIVE -
The study of the mental processes .
Cognition
PSYCHOLOGY refers to
thinking and problem solving .




DEVELOPMENTAL The study of how psychological processes
-




PSYCHOLOGY the lifespan What
change over . causes

these ?
changes

INDIVIDUAL The study of how psychological processes
-




DIFFERENCES from to the next
Vary one person .




SOCIAL -

The study of the psychological processes that
PSYCHOLOGY operate when we interact with others and
how we behave in
groups .




p
Different fields of
psychology Overlap significantly in p
terms of the phenomena they describe ,
but approach o
°

and interpret them differently .

, Psychological facts
" "




•
all of our subjective experiences arise from the electrical
and chemical activities in our brains .




↳
today we have technologies to measure this ( e. g. FMRI
,


DTI )
•

psychological processes are said to be adaptive
of
↳
they promote reproduction organisms that
engage
in those processes
as there's no
thoroughly useless mental process that

we 'd be better off without
.
the mind often traits
accuracy for speed and versatility
" "
cos mind bugs can happen
↳ visual illusions
e.g.
automatic auto piloted behaviors
.
-


,




Psychology 's roots



William James ( 1860 )
•

s



Psychology
↳ no one could teach him about


•
Plato Aristotle ... had theories about the human mind
, ,

↳ )
Plato ( Nativism :
certain knowledge is innate I inborn
↳ Aristotle ( philosophical empiricism ) : tabula rasa ; all

knowledge is
gained through experience


=D Nature -
Nurture -

Debate is still topical


EPISTEMOLOGY
-

The study of how knowledge is acquired .




th
174118 century in Western Europe
;
-




Continental rationalism 8 British empiricism
↳ innate knowledge ↳
knowledge through experience

METAPHYSICS of
-
A branch philosophy that examines

nature of reality .




•
our inner experiences are not visible but seem real ,
"

where they ?
'
so are




DUALISM -


If mind and body are separated ,
how
interact ?
can they

, mind
body dualism widely unaccepted
.
-




Franz Joseph Aau mental
ability depends on size
.
:


of brain




characteristics
PHRENOLOGY -




Specific mental abilities and
are localized specific in regions
Of the brain .




°
mid - vsth century :
physiologists developed methods
for of nerve impulses
measuring speed
-




CD measure mental abilities



PHYSIOLOGY -

The study of biological processes ,



especially in the human body .




'
°
Helmholtz recorded participants reaction time when

a stimulus was applied .




STIMULUS -




Sensory input from the environment


REACTION
-


the amount of time taken to respond
TIME to a specific stimulus .




Wundt scientific to
Wilhelm approach psychology
•
:




and experiments ; 1879 .
.


official birth of Psychology

SENSORY The interpret and
way We process signals
-




PERCEPTION received via our senses .




CONSCIOUSNESS -
A person 's subjective experience of the


( World and the mind
to
study
.



a way


STRUCTURALISM The of the basic elements
analysis
-




to that constitute the mind

§
a way
analyze
's
INTROSPECTION -

The subjective observation of one own

experiences .




=D
analyzing the relation between
feelings and
perceptual sensations

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