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Summary

Summary Corporate Sustainability (323102-M-6) - 2024

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Summary of all Corporate Sustainability lectures in 2024 in the Master Accountancy, based on the final lecture in which everything that is important for the exam was discussed.

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  • June 2, 2024
  • 67
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Corporate
Sustainability
Summary
Lecture
1:
Organization
&
Introduction
Anti
Profit
Beliefs
(APB):
The
perception
that
profit-seeking
conflicts
with
beneficial
outcomes
for
consumers
and
society.
CSR
Engagement
as
Zero-sum
Setting

Intuitive
experiences
with
‘market
exchanges’
as
zero
sum:

The
more
the
firm
profits
form
an
exchange,
the
less
value
for
the
consumer

Single
transactions:
i.e.,
buying
a
bike,
money
is
gone

When
assessing
how
firms
make
profit,
individuals
often
assume
it
is
also
zero-sum:
the
more
profit
a
firm
makes,
the
less
value
for
society

Anti-profit
beliefs
can
arise
because
the
zero-sum
game
is
easily
accessible

That
profit
incentivizes
firms
to
innovate
and
increase
welfare
is
nearly
invisible!

Potentially
enforces
by
our
news
environment:

Scandals
sell,
negativity
sells
Gartenberg,
C.,
Prat,
A.,
and
Serafeim,
G.
(2019).
Corporate
purpose
and
financial
performance.
Organization
Science
,
30(1),
1-18.
Lecture
2:
Concepts
of
CSR
&
Corporate
Purpose
Timeline
1920s
-
1950s
:
Beginnings
of
CSR
(after
great
depression
and
WW
II)
1953
:
Modern
CSR
(Howard
R.
Bowen

father
of
CSR)
1960s
-
1970s
:
CSR
Evolves
(socially
conscious
motivations.
Milton
Friedman)
1970s
:
CSP
and
CFS
(corporate
social
performance
linked
with
financial
performance)
1980s
:
Ethical
and
Stakeholder
Theories
(including
broader
range
of
stakeholders)
1990s
to
2000s
:
Globalization,
Accountability,
and
Integration
(Triple
Bottom
Line,
Corporate
Citizenship)
2010s
:
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(CSR
integrated
with
business
strategy)
2020s
:
The
Decade
of
Action
(consumer
demand,
climate
change
central
issue) Corporate
Social
Responsibility
(CSR)
CSR
can
include
:
employee
welfare,
community
programs,
charitable
donations,
environmental
protection.
Related
concepts
and
synonyms:
Sustainability,
corporate
citizenship,
philanthropy,
ESG,
Stakeholder
engagement,
Triple
Bottom
Line
Terms
and
definitions
Many
dimensions
of
sustainability:

Stakeholder
perspective

Economic
dimensions,
environmental
dimension,
social
dimension

Voluntariness
dimensions

Business
Horizon
&
Intergenerational
dimension

Impact
vs
exposure
perspective
Corporate
Citizenship
Companies
are
responsible
for
contributing
to
the
communities
in
which
they
operate,
including
environmental
stewardship
and
social
responsibility.
Companies
must
comply
with
laws
and
regulations
and
pay
taxes.
Governments
provide
the
legal
foundations.
The
Pyramid
of
CSR
Tension:

Resources
spend
on
legal,
ethical
or
philanthropic
purpose
detract
from
profitability

Ordering
of
stakeholder
priorities
Triple
Bottom
Line
(TBL)
Management
concept
that
aims
to
measure
the
financial,
social
and
environmental
performance
of
the
corporation.
Only
a
company
that
produces
a
TBL
is
taking
account
of
the
full
cost
involved
in
doing
business Goal

Manage
economic
-
not
just
financial
value
added
/
destroyed

Provoke
to
rethink
capitalism
Recall:

One
of
many
frameworks,
not
just
accounting
tool

Unclear
whether
TBL
aggregation
and
analysis
helps
decision-takers
and
policy
makers
to
track
impact
Who
should
provide
activities
for
sustainable
development?
Arguments
to
consider:

Conflicts
regarding
“business
purpose”

Intrinsic
motivation

Competence
/
knowledge

Potential
impact

Prevention
or
fixing
of
problematic
outcomes

Crowding
out
Collaborative
effort

Legal
framework,
enforcement,
infrastructure
(Governments)

Innovation,
implementation,
investments
(Private
sector)

Awareness,
expertise,
research
(Non-governmental
organizations)
EU
perspective
From
a
normative
view:
should
companies
engage
in
CSR
activities
and
what
decisions
should
managers
take
regarding
CSR? CSR:
a
business
model
(strategy)
that
affects
organizational
processes
and
company
culture.
Broad
Societal
and
Environmental
Focus:
Goes
beyond
financial
materiality
to
address
the
wider
effects
of
a
company’s
operations
on
society
and
the
environment.
Value
Creation:
Looks
at
both
positive
and
negative
impacts,
like
community
development
or
environmental
degradation,
and
how
the
company
contributes
to
or
mitigates
these
impacts.
Stakeholder-Centric:
Considers
the
interests
and
well-being
of
a
broad
set
of
stakeholders,
including
local
communities,
employees,
and
the
ecosystem.
Example
:
A
company
reports
on
how
its
water
usage
and
conservation
efforts
affect
local
communities'
access
to
clean
water.
ESG:
a
model
used
by
investors
to
examine
the
sustainability
of
a
company
including
a
set
of
(quantifiable)
criteria.
Financial
Materiality
Focus
:
Highlights
how
environmental,
social,
and
governance
(ESG)
issues
present
risks
and
opportunities
to
the
firm’s
financial
performance.
Risk
Management
:
Involves
identifying
and
reporting
on
ESG
factors
that
could
affect
the
company's
bottom
line,
such
as
regulatory
risks,
reputational
risks,
or
operational
risks.
Investor-Centric
:
Tailored
to
the
information
needs
of
investors
who
use
ESG
data
to
assess
potential
financial
impacts
on
their
investments.
Example
:
A
company
discloses
its
carbon
emissions
in
the
context
of
potential
carbon
taxes
and
their
impact
on
profitability.
Corporate
purpose
-
Question
of
accountability

In
the
1930s:
Berle
vs.
Dodd
Debate

Berle’s
shareholder
primacy
emphasizes
managers
(legal)
fiduciary
duty
towards
shareholders

Investors
invest
their
own
funds
into
a
firm.

Investors
should
get
the
returns
that
this
money
generates.

Dodd
views
corporation
as
economic
institution
with
a
social
service
as
well
as
a
profit-making
function

Corporations
embedded
in
society
and
environment
(stakeholder
theory)

Corporations
profit
from
society
and
environment
and
need
to
give
something
back

Corporations
receive
a
license
to
operate
from
society
(legitimacy
theory)

Corporations’
actions’
impact
societies
beyond
profit
generation
(“externalities”)
Shareholder
primacy
view
Main
principle

Profit
maximization
Argumentation

Shareholders
as
company
owners
should
decide
what
to
do
(to
do
good)
with
their
share
of
company
profits.

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