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UIUC ANSC 221, Exam II Questions With Verified Answers

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UIUC ANSC 221, Exam II Questions With Verified Answers Biological Membranes Framework of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic water fearing region, faces in Hydrophilic water living region, faces out Fluid-mosaic model membrane is considered a mosaic of lipid, pr...

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  • June 5, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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UIUC ANSC 221, Exam II Questions With
Verified Answers
Biological Membranes
Framework of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer


Hydrophobic
water fearing region, faces in


Hydrophilic
water living region, faces out


Fluid-mosaic model
membrane is considered a mosaic of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate molecules


Integral/Intrinsic membrane proteins
transmembrane and lipid-anchored proteins


Transmembrane proteins
One or more regions that are physically embedded in the hydrophobic region of the phospholipid
bilayer


Lipid-anchored proteins
Covalent attachment of a lipid to an amino acid side chain within a protein


Peripheral membrane/extrinsic proteins
Noncovalent bound to regions of integral membrane proteins that project out from the membrane, or
they are bound to the polar head groups of phospholipids


Fluidity
individual molecules remain in close association yet have the ability to readily move within the
membrane


Semifluid- most lipids can rotate freely around their long axes and move laterally within the
membrane leaflet


Length of fatty acyl tails & fluidity
Shorter acyl tails are less likely to interact, which makes the membrane more fluid


Double bonds in acyl tails & fluidity
Double bond creates a kink in the fatty acyl tail, making it more difficult for neighboring tails to
interact and making the bilayer more fluid


Cholesterol & fluidity
Cholesterol tends to stabilize membranes (effects depend on temp.)

, Depending on the cell type, _____% of membrane proteins may be restricted in their movement.
10-70%


Integral membrane proteins may be bound to components of the cytoskeleton, which restricts the
proteins from moving _____.
laterally


Cytosol and endomembrane system work together to synthesize most _____.
lipids


Cytosolic leaflet
located in smooth ER


Fatty acid building blocks
made via enzymes in cytosol or taken in from food


Most transmembrane proteins are directed to ____
ER membrane


From ER membrane bound proteins can be transferred via _____ to other regions of the cell
vesicles


Glycosylation
Process of covalently attaching a carbohydrate to a protein or lipid


Glycolipid
carbohydrate to lipid


Glycoprotein
carbohydrate to protein


N-linked
attachment of carbohydrate to nitrogen atom of asparagine side chain


O-linked
occurs only in Golgi, addition of sugars to oxygen atom of serine or threonine side chains


_____ permeable plasma membrane
selectively


Structure and selectivity ensure
essential molecules enter, metabolic intermediates remain, waste products exit

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