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Summary World of the Hero Revision Pack for A Level Classical Civilisation
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  • Course
  • A2 Unit CC10 F390 - Virgil and the world of the hero
  • Institution
  • OCR
  • Book
  • The Aeneid

In depth summaries of Virigl's Aeneid and Homer's Odyssey. Contains a break down through all the books and contains key quotes in bold

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Document information

  • Yes
  • June 11, 2024
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • world of the hero
  • virgil
  • aeneid
  • homer
  • odyssey
  • iliad
  • ocr
  • a level
  • classics
  • classical civilisation

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More summaries for

  • Aeneid XII - IB Translations and notes
  • The Aeneid book summary
  • The Aeneid book summary chapters 6-12
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  • A/AS Level
  • OCR
  • Classics: Classical Civilisation
  • A2 Unit CC10 F390 - Virgil and the world of the hero
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World of the Hero Revision Pack



The Aeneid
 Book 1 – Storm and Banquet
o Enemy of Aeneas is Juno – her “anger is fierce and unforgetting” – “her
hatred burned in her heart”
o “so heavy was the cost of founding the Roman race”
o Aeolia – King Aeolus of the winds – Juno offers a nymph – he sends the winds
– “Death stared them in the face” – Neptune hears this and brings the winds
to a halt – Aeneas lands in Carthage
o “he showed them the face of hope, and kept his misery with him” – Venus
appears the next morning – “you so often mock your own son”
o Carthaginians characterised as very orderly – “drawing up laws and electing
magistrates” – Dido first spotted in the Temple to Juno and the walls were
painted with the Trojan War e.g. Hector, Priam, Achilles, and Memnon –
Venus lifts the mist making him glow in his youth
o Dido – “Dido was like Diana” – leading Aeneas into the palace in the historic
present makes the passage vivid – good xenia as all the Tyrians + Trojans sit
on embroidered couches – honours the gods pouring a libation but at the end
of the book she is described as “doomed” – the story of Troy begins
o Venus – scheming by getting Cupid so Dido falls in love
 Book 2 – The Fall of Troy
o Immediately know the war was filled with “horrors” – “everywhere there
was fear, and death in many forms”
o Laocoon (priest of Apollo) – did not want the horse to be brought in – “I am
afraid of Greeks, even when they bear gifts” – justifying Troy’s loss from a
Trojan perspective – divine fate – killed by snakes who “hissed” with
“blazing” eyes and “black venom” – snake/fire imagery extended
o Sinon – persuades the Trojans to take the horse – “we had never met villainy
on this scale before” as he was reads with “all his Greek arts and
stratagems” – it is now clear that this is not a fair fight
o Hector – “his beard was filthy, his hair matted with blood” – impact of war
o Gods – “you must escape” – will of the Gods for them to leave
o Nature – “south wind carrying fire into a field of grain” – destruction
o Aeneas – “frenzy and anger drove me on and suddenly it seemed a noble
thing to die in battle”
o Greeks portrayed as cowardly for “hiding in the familiar belly” of the horse
o Pyrrhus – “like a snake” on herbs – typical image of fear, foreboding, death,
tension, and concern – contrast to “wailing women and frightened mothers”
– kills Polites after chasing him and “he fell and vomited his life’s blood
before their eyes”

, o Priam had “no escape” – he threw his “harmless spear” before Pyrrhus
dragged Priam across the floor “slithered” through pools of blood – kills him
– we feel sympathy at this shocking death
o Helen is “hated by all” and hiding – women causing strife = negative
characterisation – anger – Venus stops Aeneas killing her – think of Creusa
and Ascanius – forgetting his family!
o Family – Anchises initially refuses – “your first duty is to guard the house”
– pastoral imagery – “lifted up my father and set for the mountains”
o Creusa – “torn from me by the cruelty of Fate” – Aeneas is not a coward for
going back in, responsibility is on her and the gods, not him
o “wind frightened” – Homeric hero
 Book 3 – The Wanderings
o Land of Mars – pulled a tree and blood dripped from the earth with gore –
Polydorus is found so they rebury him
o Delos, from the harbour of Ortygia, Naxos – Crete – plague – Hesperia now
Italians – Aeneas was astounded by the words and vision of the Gods
o Harpies – “stench was rank” “screeching” – “blood of my comrades was
congealed with fear”
o Actium – Trojan Games
o Andromache and Helenus – Mini Troy – River Simois – they are helpful to
Aeneas telling him to leave quickly and wear a purple veil to not spoil omens
– avoid Scylla and Charybdis by taking the long way round – gifts of solid
gold and ivory, horses, men, and rowers
o Cyclops’ Island – Achaemenides was part of Odysseus’ crew left behind –
Polyphemus is then spotted so they leave quickly
o Anchises dies – “he had been my support in every difficulty”
 Book 4 – Dido
o “love’s deadly wound, feeding with blood, and consumed by its deadly
fire”
o Dido thanks the Gods for the Trojans arriving – ironic – Juno did it
o Dido as the epitome of piety – still sacrificing to Ceres, Apollo and Bacchus –
tragic
o DUTY – she forgets her duty – “the towers she was building ceased to rise”
– he forgets his duty too – “he caught sight of Aeneas laying the
foundations of the citadel” – Mercury needs to remind him “have you
entirely forgotten your own kingdom!” – the men are delighted to receive
the orders that they are leaving
o Cave Scene – “forgetting about their kingdoms and becoming slaves of
lust”
o Dido’s response to them leaving – “she raged and raved like a Bacchant” –
“I have nothing else left but misery” and “I am hated because of you” –
she wishes death on him “I shall follow you in the black fires of death” –

, there is natural and peaceful imagery before Dido’s absolute madness –
building the funeral pyre – “her life passed into the winds” = lack of duty to
her sister, family and her people
o Negative characterisation of women – “women are unstable creatures,
always changing” – “let there be war between the nations forever”
o Aeneas makes it clear that “it was never my intention to be deceitful” “nor
have I ever offered you marriage”
 Book 5 – Funeral Games
o Aeneas has a dream of his father, they decide to have funeral games, Achates
and Misenus help organise it, they form an alliance with Latinus who offers
Lavinia in marriage = Turnus not happy, Juno stirs up the other Italian leaders,
the Trojans + allies prepare for war against Turnus and the Rutulians
o Shooting of the arrow that burst into flames
o After the death of Julius Caesar there was a comet and therefore people
thought that this was the deification of him
o "at this a sudden miracle appeared before their eyes, a mighty sign of
what the future held in store"
o Juno and women
 "driven at last to madness they began to scream and snatch flames
from the innermost hearths of the encampment or rob altar fires,
hurling blazing branches and brushwood and torches”
 "it is the deadly anger of Juno"
 "she is still persecuting the dead bones and ashes of the city she
destroyed"
o Palinurus – sleep personified; Poseidon was going to take someone in the deal
 "down fell Palinurus, calling again and again for his comrades, but
they did not hear."
 "You trusted too much, Palinurus, to a clear sky and a calm sea,
and your body will lie naked on an unknown shore"
 Book 6 – The Underworld
o Cumae – place of the Sibyl – “I see deadly wars with torrents of blood”
o Ekphrasis – story on a picture without a text
o Pathetic imagery of a “throng of the dead” rushing out including boys and
unmarried girls
o Fate – “you must cease to hope that the Fates of the god can be altered by
your prayers”
o Aeneas is characterised as brave, heroic, despite the dangers e.g. Cerberus
o Sees Dido and weeps saying it was “against my will” but he turns to panic,
short, sharp, ironic – she turns away to Sychaeus
o Agamemnon, Deiphobus (Priam’s son) “whose face was mutilated” –
literally the negative face of war, Helen is alluded to
o Hell – worst part of the underworld, for criminals – Tisiphone, “men caught
and killed in adultery”

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