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PEDIATRICS - HESI PRACTICE EXAM with Guaranteed Accurate Answers
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PEDIATRICS - HESI PRACTICE EXAM with Guaranteed Accurate Answers
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Question 1A 4-year-old child is brought to the clinic with a persistent cough and wheezing. The nurse
suspects asthma. Which of the following assessments is most important in confirming the
diagnosis of asthma?
A. Family history of asthma
B. Pulmonary function tests
C. Peak flow measurement
D. Chest X-ray
Rationale: Pulmonary function tests are the most important assessment tool for confirming the
diagnosis of asthma as they measure the lung function and airflow obstruction which is
characteristic of asthma.
Question 2
An infant diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot is having a hypercyanotic spell. Which of the
following should the nurse do first?
A. Administer oxygen by mask
B. Place the infant in a knee-chest position
C. Prepare for intubation
D. Start an IV for fluid administration
Rationale: Placing the infant in a knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a hypercyanotic
spell.
Question 3
A school-aged child with type 1 diabetes is participating in sports. The nurse advises the
child to carry a fast-acting carbohydrate snack. Which of the following is the best option?
A. Crackers and cheese
,B. Apple slices
C. Glucose tablets
D. Peanut butter sandwich
Rationale: Glucose tablets are a fast-acting carbohydrate that can quickly raise blood glucose
levels if the child experiences hypoglycemia during sports activities.
Question 4
A 10-year-old child with cystic fibrosis is admitted with a respiratory infection. Which
intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the child's plan of care?
A. Administering chest physiotherapy
B. Limiting fluid intake
C. Providing a low-calorie diet
D. Encouraging bed rest
Rationale: Administering chest physiotherapy helps to loosen and clear the thick mucus from
the child's lungs, which is essential for managing respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the parents to help manage
the condition?
A. Place the infant in a supine position after feedings
B. Increase the infant's formula volume per feeding
C. Thicken the infant's feedings with rice cereal
D. Avoid burping the infant frequently during feedings
Rationale: Thickening the infant's feedings with rice cereal can help reduce the episodes of
reflux by making the formula heavier and less likely to be regurgitated.
,Question 6
A nurse is teaching parents about injury prevention for their 9-month-old infant. Which
statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "We will keep small objects out of reach."
B. "We will place our baby on her stomach to sleep."
C. "We will use safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs."
D. "We will ensure that all medications are locked away."
Rationale: Infants should be placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant
death syndrome (SIDS). The statement about placing the baby on her stomach indicates a need
for further teaching.
Question 7
A 7-year-old child with a history of epilepsy is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin). Which
information is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for the parents?
A. The child should avoid eating dairy products
B. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach
C. The child should avoid exposure to sunlight
D. Regular dental check-ups are necessary
Rationale: Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, so regular dental check-ups are necessary
to monitor and maintain oral health.
Question 8
A nurse is assessing pain in a 5-year-old child who is postoperative. Which pain assessment
tool is most appropriate for this age group?
A. Numeric Rating Scale
B. Faces Pain Scale
C. Visual Analog Scale
, D. CRIES Scale
Rationale: The Faces Pain Scale is appropriate for children aged 3-7 years as it uses facial
expressions to help children communicate their pain level.
Question 9
The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia in
infants. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
A. Introduce cow's milk at 6 months of age
B. Offer fruit juices with every meal
C. Provide iron-fortified cereals and formulas
D. Avoid giving iron supplements
Rationale: Iron-fortified cereals and formulas are important to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in
infants, especially after 6 months when the iron stores from birth start to deplete.
Question 1: Which of the following is a characteristic sign of intussusception in infants?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Currant jelly-like stools
C. Bilious vomiting
D. Persistent diarrhea
Correct Answer: B. Currant jelly-like stools
Rationale: Intussusception, a telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, often
presents with currant jelly-like stools (stools mixed with blood and mucus). This occurs due to
intestinal edema and ischemia. Projectile vomiting (choice A) can occur in conditions like
pyloric stenosis. Bilious vomiting (choice C) may indicate bowel obstruction or other
gastrointestinal issues. Persistent diarrhea (choice D) is not typically associated with
intussusception.
Question 2: A nurse is caring for a child with acute epiglottitis. Which of the following actions
is contraindicated?
A. Allowing the child to sit upright
B. Providing cool mist humidification
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