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WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-
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WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-
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Question 1:What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular physiology?
A. Maintain osmotic balance and cell volume
B. Synthesize ATP
C. Transport glucose into the cell
D. Produce hormones
Correct Answer: A. Maintain osmotic balance and cell volume
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump helps maintain osmotic balance and cell volume by
pumping sodium out of and potassium into the cell, which is crucial for cell function.
Question 2:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating serum calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates serum calcium levels by increasing calcium
absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, reabsorption from the kidneys, and release from bones.
Question 3:
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A. Weight gain
B. Bradycardia
C. Heat intolerance
D. Cold intolerance
Correct Answer: C. Heat intolerance
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism increases the body's metabolic rate, leading to heat intolerance,
weight loss, and tachycardia.
,Question 4:
What is the primary cause of edema in heart failure?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased capillary permeability
D. Increased lymphatic drainage
Correct Answer: B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Rationale: In heart failure, increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to elevated venous
pressure leads to fluid leakage into the interstitial space, causing edema.
Question 5:
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: A. Type I
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe, immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies,
characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity.
Question 6:
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Asymmetrical joint involvement
B. Osteophyte formation
C. Synovial inflammation
D. Heberden's nodes
Correct Answer: C. Synovial inflammation
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation, leading to
joint pain, swelling, and deformity.
,Question 7:
Which organ is primarily affected in cystic fibrosis?
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Liver
D. Lungs
Correct Answer: D. Lungs
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs, causing thick mucus production that leads
to respiratory infections and decreased lung function.
Question 8:
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: A. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can disrupt cardiac electrical activity and lead
to arrhythmias.
Question 9:
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease?
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Correct Answer: B. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease due to diabetic
nephropathy, which damages the kidneys over time.
, Question 10:
What is the underlying mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Increased hepatic glucose production
D. Decreased glucose uptake by muscles
Correct Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune
system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Question 11:
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells?
A. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
B. Hodgkin lymphoma
C. Multiple myeloma
D. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Correct Answer: B. Hodgkin lymphoma
Rationale: Reed-Sternberg cells are a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of lymphatic
cancer.
Question 12:
Which disorder is characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system?
A. Guillain-Barré syndrome
B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: C. Multiple sclerosis
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis involves demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system,
leading to neurological symptoms.
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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