Exam (elaborations)

BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test 2 Review Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Version 2024 Verified

3 views 0 purchase

Course
BIO

Institution
BIO

BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test 2 Review Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified Translation - Cellular components are able to read the genetic message in mRNA and translate the message into specific primary amino acid sequence of a protein How does tRNA structur...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 28 pages

View example

Uploaded on June 15, 2024
Number of pages 28
Written in 2023/2024
Type Exam (elaborations)
Contains Questions & answers

bio 1a03 mcmaster university test 2 review questio

CA$12.84

Added

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test 2
Review Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified
Translation - ✔✔Cellular components are able to read the genetic message in mRNA and translate the
message into specific primary amino acid sequence of a protein

How does tRNA structure allow for SPECIFICTY in translation? - ✔✔

1. Plays critical role in ENABLING the translation of the information

2. Each type of tRNA molecule is not identical and can translate a specific codon into a specific amino
acid

What is the structure of tRNA? - ✔✔- single RNA strand (70-90 nucleotide length)

- four double helical segments and three characteristic loops

How are the four double helical segments and three loops in tRNA molecules formed? - ✔✔Formed due
to the large degree of complementarity along stretches of tRNA which results in many stretches of
hydrogen bonding between complementary bases.

What are anticodons? In what direction are they conventionally written? - ✔✔Three-base sequence in a
transfer RNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA

They are conventionally written in the 3' to 5' direction

What is at the 3' end on tRNA? - ✔✔There is a protruding amino acid attachment site made up of CCA
nucleotide sequence (terminal "A" is point of attachment for amino acid during tRNA molecule
activation)

How is the activation of a tRNA molecule with a specific amino acid carried out? - ✔✔Activation is
carried out by a family of enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

,True or False; Each enzyme is specific to the type of tRNA and corresponding amino acid it will bind. -
✔✔True - 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

How do aminoacyl tRNA synthetases work? - ✔✔The active site of the enzyme recognizes the anticodon
end of the tRNA and the region of the amino acid attachment site.

Once bound to active site, enzymes catalyze covalent attachment of tRNA molecule to its amino acid
(energy from ATP Hydrolysis)

Charged tRNA - ✔✔able to deliver amino acids to growing polypeptide chain.

What does correct translation require (in terms of codon and anti-codon)? - ✔✔Correct translation
requires the correct PAIRING of tRNA anticodon with the appropriate mRNA codon

How does codon-anticodon pairing occur? - ✔✔The 5' end of codon (mRNA) will bind with the 3' end of
the anticodon (tRNA)

What is meant by the term wobble? What does it help to explain? - ✔✔Greater flexibility for base
pairing between third nucleotide of a codon and corresponding base of tRNA anticodon

Wobble helps explain the redundancy of genetic code

When does translation initiation in Eukaryotes occur? - ✔✔In eukaryotes, it occurs when a translational
initiation complex forms towards the 5' cap of the mRNA and then scans the mRNA until an AUG start
codon is encountered

How does translation initiation in Prokaryotes occur? - ✔✔Since there are no 5' caps, translation
initiation complex will assemble at one or more ribosome binding sites called Shine-Dalgarno sequences
(Located a few bases upstream the translation start codon)

, What is the unique ability of prokaryotic translation? (think operons) - ✔✔Translation can occur along
multiple regions of prokaryotic mRNA sequence

- Allows prokaryotes to have specific open reading frames for more than one protein along mRNA

Eukaryotic translation initiation requires what components? - ✔✔Two ribosomal subunits

mRNA

Charged tRNA

Initiation factors

Initiation factors - ✔✔Bind to 5' cap of mRNA which allows for the recruitment of the small ribosomal
subunit

Other initiation factors will bind to tRNA that is charged with methionine

The partially assembled small subunit and tRNA do what once initiated? - ✔✔They will move along the
mRNA in a 5' to 3' direction until AUG is encountered

- When this occurs, large ribosomal subunit is able to bind to the rest of the initiation complex using
energy from GTP hydrolysis

What happens to initiation factors once translation is complete? - ✔✔Initiation factors are released once
translation is complete

How does translation start in the ribosome (not initiation)? - ✔✔- Methionine located in peptidyl site of
ribosome

- As the ribosome translates the mRNA, each subsequent charged tRNA enters or binds to aminoacyl (A)
site

GTP-bound elongation factor - ✔✔Each incoming charged tRNA is delivered in association with these

When the correct codon-anticodon pairing is made, GTP is hydrolyzed and aminoacyl end of tRNA is
released from elongation factor

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hov. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$12.84. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Exam (elaborations)

BIO 1A03 McMaster University Test 2 Review Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest Version 2024 Verified

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Content preview