BCHM 218 - Module 1 Questions and Answers

BCHM 218 - Module 1 Questions and Answers Molecular Biology - Correct Answer️️ -The study of biology at the molecular level. The study of essential cellular molecules, including DNA, RNA and proteins, and the biological pathways between them. Genetics - Correct Answer️️ -The study of the effect of genetic differences on organisms. Biochemistry - Correct Answer️️ -The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms. Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules. DNA - Correct Answer️️ -Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. RNA - Correct Answer️️ -Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principle role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins although, in some viruses, RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information. Protein - Correct Answer️️ -a large macromolecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues. The central dogma? - Correct Answer️️ -Created by Francis Crick and states that biological info flows in the direction of DNA - RNA - Protein What are the two exceptions of the central dogma of molecular biology? - Correct Answer️️ -1. RNA Viruses 2. Non-coding RNAs RNA Viruses? - Correct Answer️️ -Viruses that have RNA as their "genetic" material (RNA - DNA) Non-coding RNAs? - Correct Answer️️ -RNA molecules that are not translated into protein (DNA - RNA, but no protein). mRNA - Correct Answer️️ -Messenger RNA. It is a transient (lasting only a short time) molecule that carries instructions for building a specific protein to preexisting ribosomes. It is synthesized during transcription, where the enzyme RNA polymerase reads a strand of the DNA molecule and pairs RNA bases to the bases in the DNA. Creates a single-stranded RNA molecule. Next, it will carry the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytosol and it will be translated into a protein. Can one mRNA be the template for multiple proteins? and can one gene encode several mRNAs? - Correct Answer️️ -Yes and Yes Transcription? - Correct Answer️️ -The process of making single-stranded RNA copies of a DNA strand, using the enzyme RNA Polymerase. rRNA - Correct Answer️️ -ribosomal RNA - the RNA component of a ribosome which is a structure within the cytoplasm that is necessary for protein synthesis. Most abundant type. tRNA? - Correct Answer️️ -Adaptor molecules which function as an adaptor between nucleic acid and protein. Serves to transfer individual amino acids from the cytoplasm to their appropriate location in the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. Contains a sequence of 3 bases = anticodon which is complementary to the mRNA the codon which codes for a specific amino acid. Building Blocks? - Correct Answer️️ -The smaller components of nucl