Class notes
Lecture notes Human Neurophysiology
- Course
- Institution
All lecture notes, including explanation of images of all the lectures given during the Human Neurophysiology course.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
clairesnel2
Reviews received
Content preview
Human NeurophysiologyGezondheid en Leven
Claire Snel
Jaar 3, 2024
,Inhoudsopgave
Lecture 1: Kick-off + Cognitive neuroimaging .................................................................................................... 2
Part 1a: Kick-off .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Part 1b: Spontaneous brain activity, thoughts and feelings ............................................................................... 2
Lecture 2: Neuronal basis of EEG ...................................................................................................................... 9
EEG summary slides .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture 3: Basics of digital signal processing & Neuronal oscillations: Mechanisms, diversity and functions .. 21
Lecture 4: EEG demo ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Lecture 5: The theory of critical brain dynamics ............................................................................................. 31
Lecture 6: ERPs + synchrony + NBT assignment .............................................................................................. 48
Lecture 7: EEG biomarkers of brain disorders ................................................................................................. 54
Neuronal oscillations: Functional importance of synchrony ............................................................................ 62
Lecture 8: Guest lecture Natalia Goriounova – Human neurons in cognition .................................................. 66
Part 1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Part 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 72
Lecture 9: BCI, neurofeedback and synchrony ................................................................................................ 78
EEG biofeedback therapy.................................................................................................................................. 83
Lecture 10: Guest lecture: Niels Cornelisse – Studying human neurophysiology in a dish ............................... 87
1
,Lecture 1: Kick-off + Cognitive neuroimaging
Part 1a: Kick-off
- Paradigm shift in cognitive neuroscience: from stimulus processing to resting-state
neuroimaging
Resting-state neuroimaging is booming
- The hallmark of many neurological and psychiatric disorders relate to such inner experiences,
rather than deficits in sensory processing or related interaction with the environment
- Thus, possibly, thoughts and feelings experienced during rest could show promise for
understanding brain disorders or the effects of therapeutic intervention
Amsterdam resting-state questionnaire
➢ = first validated questionnaire to quantify thoughts and feelings during rest
➢ Ask people to sit still 5 minutes with eyes closed
and prevent falling asleep
➢ Adults with autism spectrum disorder show
atypical patterns of thoughts and feelings during
rest
Core concept and key questions of human
neurophysiology
- Core concept:
o Balance between the processing of internal and external information
- Key question:
o How is spontaneous brain activity, thoughts and feelings affected and related in
health and disease?
➢ Artefacts during EEG should be filtered out (such as eye blinking, breathing, heartbeat)
Part 1b: Spontaneous brain activity, thoughts and feelings
Learning objectives
You will be able to explain:
- The difference between stimulus-driven (exogenous) and spontaneous (endogenous) brain
activity
- Why ‘daydreaming’ and its neuronal basis is important to investigate.
- The methods available for your projects.
- How EEG and cognition data are measured and related to each other
Outline
➢ What made resting-state neuroimaging become a hot topic?
➢ What is mind wandering and why is it important?
➢ Details on the Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire (ARSQ)
➢ Details on your research projects
2
, What is “cognitive neuroscience”?
Cognitive Neuroscience:
- The combined study of mind and brain
- Revolutionized by neuroimaging techniques
- Allow exploring the biology of:
o Conscious experience (Neural Correlates of Consciousness)
o Unconscious processes (decision making, intuition, subliminal perception, …)
o The disordered mind
- Aims to improve also diagnosis and treatment of brain-disorders and increasingly inspires
artificial intelligence (e.g., deep learning)
- Resilience is important in neurological diseases, if they would have built resilience, they
might not have developed the disorder
Cognitive neuroscience kick-started with Positron emission tomography (PET)
imaging
Principle:
• You add radioactive material to a sugar and inject it into the
bloodstream (e.g., fluorodeoxyglucose, FDG)
• The FDG sugar accumulates in brain areas that are metabolically active
• The decay of FDG gives off a neutron and a positron
• The positron hits an electron and annihilates into 2 gamma rays,
which are detected
• You can compute back to where the gamma ray is coming from
• When a specific area is really active, more sugar is consumed, the blood that is circulating
with the radioactive sugar is being spend more in the metabolically active brain area
• Indirectly we probe that a specific brain region is active
• Metabolic imaging with PET has poor temporal resolution (10-20 seconds), it gives
information where the activity happens but when it is happening (speed, what moment in
time) is poor
• If you want to study what is the speed of becoming conscious perception, or what
moment in time do you make a decision you don’t use PET
• Where in the brain does it happen? > you can use PET
Traditional task-dependent PET studies rely on subtraction
➢ PET revealed that the brain is extremely metabolically active, even
more than the heart
o The brain consumes 20% of the energy in the body
➢ Raw imaging of metabolic activity in the brain, during different
conditions (visual fixation, viewing words etc) it looks the same but
there are differences in active regions
Early successes of cognitive neuroimaging
- Early PET findings of functional specialization of anatomical areas
- Without intervening with the brain, scientists became able to
perform non-invasive functional brain mapping
- Different parts of the brain are activated during different tasks
– Hearing words activates Broca’s area in the frontal lobe
– Speaking words activates Wernicke’s area
– Seeing words activating the visual cortex
– Thinking about words activates frontal cortex
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller clairesnel2. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$15.47. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62555 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
Recently viewed by you
