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Microbiology Test #1 Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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Microbiology Test #1 Questions with 100% Actual correct answers | verified | latest update | Graded A+ | Already Passed | Complete Solution

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  • June 19, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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  • microbiology test 1 questions with 100 actual co

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Microbiology Test #1
Microbes - ANS-small single-cell organisms not visible to the human eye, approximately
6 x 10^30

Bacteria - ANS-usually single-celled, most have cell wall with peptidoglycan, no
membrane-bound nucleus, ubiquitous and live in extreme conditions

Archaea - ANS-unique RNA gene sequences that sets them apart from bacteria, lack
peptidoglycan, unique membrane lipids, extremophiles

Viruses - ANS-smallest of microbes, requires host cell to replicate, cause range of
diseases/cancers

Viroids and Virusoids - ANS-infectious agents composed of RNA

Prions - ANS-infectious proteins

Microbial Fossils - ANS-evidence of first life, believe that earliest molecules were RNA,
has some catalylic ability --> ability to help peptide bonds form

Earliest Metabolism - ANS-existed in reducing environment (organisms lose electrons to
metabolize), contrasts with current oxidizing environment (electronegative oxygen
accepts electrons)

Horizontal Gene Transfer - ANS-helps Bacteria and Archaea develop genetic diversity
-primary mechanism by which antibiotics transfer

they do not reproduce sexually (use binary fission), so instead of calling them a species
we call them a strain

Microscopes - ANS-focus light rays at a specific place called the focal point

-Focal length: distance between center of lens and focal point is the

-Resolution: ability of a lens to distinguish small objects that are close together, shorter
wavelength of light = greater resolution

-Working distance: distance between front surface of lens and surface of cover glass

, Dark Field Micoscopes - ANS-use a black background

-can observe treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis

Staining Specimen - ANS-1. increases visibility of specimen
2. accentuates morphological features
3. preserves specimens

-fixation: kills organism and attaches it to slide
-dyes: make internal/external structures more visible

Types of Stains - ANS-Differential: distinguish group of microorganism

Simple: determine size, shape, and arrangement of bacteria

Acid-Fast Stain: stains the genus mycobacterium

Endospore Staining: heated, double-staining technique that identifies endospore

Capsule Stain: visualize polysaccharide capsule surrounding bacteria

Flagella Stain: increase thickness of flagella

Gram staining: determines negative (no peptidoglycan) and positive (thick
peptidoglycan)

Koch's Postulates - ANS-1. microorganism must be present in every case of the disease
but absent from healthy organisms

2. suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in a pure culture

3. same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a
healthy host

4. same microorganisms must be isolated again from the diseased host

Electron Microscopy - ANS-electrons replace light as the "illuminating" beam, able to
study morphology

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