SOCA 105 Exam 5 Snyder WVU

SOCA 105 Exam 5 Snyder WVU Allen's Rule slender bodies with long limbs dissipate heat more efficiently and are selected for in tropical climates, while heavy, short-limbed bodies retain heat better and are selected for in colder climates Anthropological Approaches racial classification and explanatory approach Bergmann's Rule because of the respective ratios between mass and surface area, smaller bodies dissipate heat faster, and larger bodies retain heat better Biological Race refers to geographically isolated subdivision of a species - race as a biological category is supposed to reflect inherited/shared genetic material - race does not apply to human populations - human biological variation distributed gradually between populations called clines Cline gradual shift in gene (allele) frequencies between neighboring populations Daughter languages the languages sharing a common parent language (Latin) Diseases -food productions supports larger, denser populations and a more sedentary lifestyle than hunting and gathering. people live closer to each other and their own waste making it easier for microbes to survive and find hosts -domesticated animals also transmit diseases to people -in 1979 was the last time smallpox was reported it was a major threat to humans and a determinant of blood group frequencies -smallpox virus is a mutation from one of the pox viruses found in such domesticated animals (cows, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs) Explanatory Approach focuses on understanding of specific differences (today) Genes DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission Historical Linguistics study of languages over time History of the race concept in the US Race: the power of an illusion documentary Individual (personal) Racism when one person acts in a discriminatory manner towards another person based on identifying them as part of a racial group - an example is using the n word Institutional (structural) Racism when the societal structures and institutions of a society produce or reproduce racialized thinking and/or inequalities -examples: political system, criminal justice system, banking system, education system, health care system, housing, etc. Lactose Intolerance The inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose Lactose Tolerance an unusual condition in some humans where adults can properly digest lactose Language -conjure up elaborate images -discuss the past and future -share experiences with others -benefit from their experiences -may be spoken or written -primary means of communication Lexicon vocabulary; all the morphemes in a language and their meanings Linguistics the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language Melanin -primary determinant of human skin color -chemical substance manufactured in the epidermis -prior to 16th century, darker skinned populations closest to the equator -"natural sunscreen" produced by skin cells responsible for pirmentation Morpheme in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) Morphology the (linguistic) study of morphemes and work construstion Natural Selection process by which nature selects the forms most fit to survive and reproduce in a given environment Nonverbal Language a system of communication using symbols such as facial expressions, gestures, and proximity of the body Phenotypic Adaptaion adaptive changes that occur during individual's lifetime -genes and phenotypical adaptation produce biochemical difference between human groups in ability to digest large amount of milk -adaptive advantage when other foods are scarce and milk available Phonology the study of sounds used in speech in a particular language Protolanguage a language ancestral to several daughter languages Race an ethnic group assumed to have biological basis Race is .... - a recent human invention - about culture, not biology - embedded in institutions and everyday life - is often purposefully utilized to realized political control (power), national (group) unity,