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HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2024
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HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2024
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改变工作模式Contents
Chapter 其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模 Pages
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
(2) 了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
改变工作模式
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 改变工作模式 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模 DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA 工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
PECTORIS TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
PART I HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID, STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC改变工作模式
& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
PART VIII AGENTS THAT其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID , MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
(6) 工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
改变工作模式
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
Multiple choice questions
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
Multiple choice questions
, 改变工作模式
5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
OF PHARMACOLOGY
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
of new drug development
02. 更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
改变工作模式
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs in the organism
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
03. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug action
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
c) Excretion of substances
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
d) Interaction of substances
04. The main mechanism of 工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble
改变工作模式
b) Non-ionized substances
c) Hydrophobic substances
d) Hydrophilic substances
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
06. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property:
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
renal tubules
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
b) Transport without energy consumption
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
degree of substance
b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 改变工作模式
in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
of blood
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption 式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
and hepatic first-pass effect
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral
b) Transdermal 了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
c) Rectal 工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
d) Intraduodenal
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual 商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
改变工作模式
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
Multiple choice questions
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
Multiple choice questions
, 改变工作模式
6
b) Oral 其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
c) Intravenous
d) Intramuscular 式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
12. What is characteristic of工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
b) Absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
d) The sterilization of medicinal forms is obligatory
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
b) A drug is exposed to商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal 改变工作模式
b) Oral
c) Sublingual
d) Inhalation 其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with unconsciousness patients
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
b) Generally results in a less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions 工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops 商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
slower, than at oral administration
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True
b) False
改变工作模式
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
b) False
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
b) Cell membranes 更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in改变工作模式the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
22. The volume of distribution其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
(Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose 式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
to a body weight
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
b) Concentration of substance in urine
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug 更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
widely distributing in plasma, interstitial and cell fluids:
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
改变工作模式
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
Multiple choice questions
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
Multiple choice questions
, 改变工作模式
7
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
a) True
b) False 式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
25. 工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 改变工作模式
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight
d) High molecular weight其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
(phase 1) is:
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances
改变工作模式 due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation
d) Binding to plasma proteins
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in 工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
organism
d) Higher binding to membranes
多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
32. Conjugation is:
了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate
更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
d) Solubilization in lipids
商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis 改变工作模式
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation
b) Sulfate formation
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
c) Hydrolysis 式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
d) Methylation
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True 多企业采用了远程办公的模式，这不仅减少
b) False 了通勤时间，也提高了工作效率。同时，人
工智能和大数据技术的应用，使得企业能够
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is:
a) Decreased 更精准地进行市场分析和决策。例如，电子
b) Enlarged 商务平台通过数据分析，能够精准推荐用户
c) Remained unchanged
喜爱的商品，提高了销售效率。
d) Changed insignificantly
改变工作模式
其次，科技的进步彻底改变了我们的工作模
式。在信息技术的推动下，远程办公和灵活
Multiple choice questions
工作成为可能。特别是在新冠疫情期间，很
Multiple choice questions
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