100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
NUR 376 PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS CA$18.87   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Nur 376
  4.  
  5. Nur 376

Exam (elaborations)

NUR 376 PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
 35 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Nur 376
  • Institution
  • Nur 376

Innate immunity is?1st line of defense against infection Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all types of pathogens Adaptive immunity is?-2nd line of defense against infection -Developed with exposure to antigens and targets particular pathogens -Includes B and T cells ...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 28  pages

Document information

  • June 23, 2024
  • 28
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • nur 376 patho final exam questions with correct an
  • innate immunity is1st line of defense against in
  • adaptive immunity is 2nd line of defense against

Written for

  • Nur 376
  • Nur 376

Seller

avatar-seller
twishfrancis

Reviews received

Content preview

NUR 376 PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Innate immunity is? ✅1st line of defense against infection Nonspecific mechanism that defends the body immediately against all types of pathogens Adaptive immunity is? ✅-2nd line of defense against infection -Developed with exposure to antigens and targets particular pathogens -Includes B and T cells to fight infection and create antibodies Two major categories of adaptive immunity ✅1. B lymphocyte immunity (humoral) 2. T lymphocyte immunity (cell -mediated) Passive -acquired adaptive immunity ✅-Individual given pre made, fully formed antibodies against an antigen -Provides immediate but short term immunity. Ex: Infant acquiring antibodies in breast milk Active acquired adaptive immunity ✅Longer lasting immunity than passive -acquired adaptive immunity but not permanent. Ex: Vaccine Immunocompetence vs. Immunosuppression ✅Immunocompetence refers to the individuals ability to protect oneself from infectious agents because of a strong immune system. Immunosuppression indicates a defective immune system that places person at higher risk for infection. Define immunodeficiency ✅Weakened immune system Define primary immunodeficiency ✅Present @ birth, only affects one cell type **IgA deficiency most common Define severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). ✅Negatively affects both B and T cell development so there is increased risk for infection. Type 2: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity ✅Most common: Transfusion of the wrong blood Causes immune system to attack newly transfused cells WBC count normally vs. infection ✅Normal: 4,500 -11,000 cells/ml During infection: ~15,000 -20,000 cells/ml Pathophysiologic changes in WBCs ✅-leukopenia -leukocytosis ?? Hypervolemia ✅ Hypertonic IV Solution what does hypertonic mean? what are the types of hypertonic fluid? (6) what does it treat? what are the nursing interventions? ✅Hypertonic= excessive fluid extracellular space, causing cell to shrink Fluid Types: 1.) 3% Saline 2.) 5% Saline 3.) 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline 4.) 5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline 5.) 5% Dextrose in LR 6.) 10% Dextrose in H2O Treats: - Hyponatremia (pulls Na+ back into intravascular system) **remember water follows sodium** -cerebral edema Interventions: -Give cautiously in ICU via central line -Rapid absorption so body can be affected quickly -Monitor for fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, BP, HR Hypotonic IV Solution what does hypotonic mean? what are the types of hypertonic fluid? (3) Treats? Contraindications? ✅Hypotonic= Decrease in extracellular concentration, Increase in intracellular concentration. Side Effects= cell lyses (rupture) and depletion of fluid in circulatory system Fluid Types: 1.) 0.45% Saline (1/2 normal saline) 2.) 0.225% Saline (1/4 normal saline) 3.) 0.33% Saline (1/3 normal saline) Treats: - Hydrates cell -Hyperglycemia -Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) -Hyperosmolar (extremely high blood glucose levels) Contraindications: -Patients with increased cranial pressure (fluid will shift into brain tissue causing swelling) -Burns & Trauma (Hypovolemic) Isotonic IV Solution What does isotonic mean? What are the fluid types? (4) Purpose? ✅Isotonic means equal concentration Fluid Types: 1.) 0.9% Saline 2.) 5% Dextrose in H2O 3.) 5% Dextrose in 0.225 Saline 4.) Lactated Ringers (LR) Purpose: To increase extracellular fluid Loss through: -Blood loss -Dehydration (may be due to nausea & vomiting) -Surgery Normal Electrolyte Levels ✅Sodium: 135 -145 Potassium: 3.5 -5 Calcium - 9-11 Magnesium: 1.5 -2.5 Phosphorous: 2.8 -4.5 RAAS Steps ✅1. Low BP is detected causing stimulation of RAAS 2. Renin released by juxtaglomerular cells in kidneys 3. Liver releases angiotensinogen 4. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 5. Angiotensin -converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$18.87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$18.87
  • (0)
  Add to cart