Microbiology Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 3-5) With Complete Solutions/Latest Update

Bacteria - ANSWER-Prokaryote. All are microbes. Has a cell wall made up of Eubacteria peptidoglycan. Absorb nutrition. Reproduce by binary fission. Unicellular. Commonly found in biofilms. Algae - ANSWER-Unicellular, some are multicellular. Reproduce asexually and sexually. Nutrition by photosynthesis. Cell wall made of cellulose. Fungi - ANSWER-Some are unicellular, some are multicellular. Nonmotile. Reproduce by asexual and sexual reproduction. Cell wall made of chitin. Fungi digest outside then ingest, absorb by release enzymes into environment. Cell membrane made of ergosterol instead of cholesterol. Protozoa - ANSWER-Unicellular. Reproduce sexually and asexually. No cell wall. Absorb nutrition. Use pseudopods, cilia and flagella for motility. Name 3 cellular structures protozoa use for locomotion - ANSWER-Pseudopods, flagella, cilia. Be familiar with the ways that microorganisms are beneficial - ANSWER-Part of food chain. Beneficially interact with other organisms in nature. Normal flora- vitamins. Help initial digestion of nutrients in rumen of stomach (primarily cellulose). Production of oxygen. Antibiotics, vaccine, medical advances). Be familiar with the ways that microbes affect the world. - ANSWER-Found everywhere, part of the ecosystem (make greenhouse gasses, soil formation, mineral extraction), Nutrient recycling (CO2 and Nitrogen fixation). Decomposition. Interactions with other organisms- pathogens or beneficial. Mycology - ANSWER-Study of fungi. Protozoology - ANSWER-Study of protozoa. Virology - ANSWER-Study of viruses. Phycology - ANSWER-Study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes. Morphology - ANSWER-Study of detailed structure of microorganisms. Physiology - ANSWER-Study of Microbial function. Taxonomy - ANSWER-Classification/naming/ identification. Bacteriology - ANSWER-Study of Bacteria. Microbial ecology - ANSWER-Study of relationship between microbes and environment. What general metabolic process used by microbes aids in food production? - ANSWER-Fermentation.