Summary
Summary AP Human Geography Ch 3 Migrants
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- 12th Grade
summary of ch 3 AP human geography on migration
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CH3 MigrationWHERE ARE MIGRANTS DISTRIBUTED
migration Permanent mvmt to new location
mobility One's ability to move from place to place
circulation Short term, repetitive, cyclical mvmts that recur on
regular basis (daily, monthly, annual)
Migration transition Model - migration pattern change w/ DTM
Applied to DTM STAGE 1: low NIR high CBR -> high daily/seasonal mobility
in search of food
STAGE 2: high NIR high CBR falling CDR ->high int’l
emigration + interregional migration fr rural to urban
areas
Intl’l migration is primary phenomenon of STAGE 3/4: low NIR low CBR -> high int’l
countries in STAGE 2; internal migration important immigration+interregional migration fr cities to suburbs
STAGE 3/4
DISTANCE OF MIGRATION 1. Most migrants relocate a short distance+remain within
Ravenstein 2 most important “laws of migration” same country
2. Long-distance migrants to other countries head for
major centers of econ activity
2 types international migration Voluntary migr. - chosen to move (usually econ reasons),
sometimes environmental reasons
Forced migr. - compelled to move by cultural/environ
factors
2 types internal migration Interregional mvmt fr one region to diff one (eg rural to
urban in search of jobs)
Intraregional mvmt within one region - urban to urban,
older cities -> new suburbs
US IMMIGRATION PATTERNS USA is inhabited by direct descendants of immigrants
Come from Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa
INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION
Population center Avg location of everyone in the country
1st intervening obstacle hindering American Appalachian mountains blocked settlement : steep slopes,
settlement in interitor thick forests
Interregional migration in: From eastern Russia to western Russia in search of better
Russia job opportunities in larger urbanized cities
Canada From eastern to western provinces for warmer weather &
open job opportunities as western provinces are less
populous? by car or plane?
China From interior to major eastern cities in China for better
job opportunities (especially factories) after the lift of
, restrictions in interregional migration and development of
large urban areas in the East
Brazil From coastal regions to interior ones because gov built a
new capital city (Brasilia) to attract citizens into the
interior for the new urbanized city
Push/Pull Factors
Push Factors Factors that induce ppl to move out of their present
location
Ex. Political = escape from armed conflict, violence,
violation of human rights, persecution, etc.
Ex. Environmental = hazardous living conditions (ex.
Recent flood, earthquake, etc.)
Ex. Economic = global recession, high unemployment
rates
Pull Factors
Factors that induce ppl to move into a new location
Ex. Political = safety and inclusiveness
Ex. Environmental = warm climates, mountains, seasides
Ex. Economic = higher paying jobs, diverse job choices
Refugee Someone who has been forced to migrate to another
country due to political conflict in their country
Internally displaced person Someone who is like a refugee but hasn’t yet migrated
into another country
Asylum seeker Someone who has migrated to another country in hopes
of being recognized as a refugee
Flood plain An area subject to flooding during a specific # of years
based on historical trends
Desertification Deterioration of land to a desert like condition usually due
to human actions
Intervening obstacle An environmental or political feature that hinders
migration
MIGRATING TO FIND WORK Reasons:
South + East Asia Lots of job opportunities & prospects for economic
advancement
Southwest Asia Prosperous economy (wealthy oil producing countries) &
better worker’s rights (ex. Israel & Oman)
Remittances Transfer of money by workers to people in the country
they emigrated from
Ravenstein’s Law for gender & family status 1.Most long-distance migrants were male
2.Most long-distance migrants were adult individuals
, rather than families with children
CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS
Gender:
Past 55% of immigrants + 85% of migrants were male
Internationally to US & from Mexico to US
More men were in search for work
Present 55% of immigrants + 50% of migrants are female
Internationally to US & from Mexico to US
Changing role of women in workforce attracts women to
join labour force
Age & Education:
Age Majority of immigrants are 20-39 years old
Only 5% are over 65
Internationally to US to find job opportunities
Higher rates of males 12-17
From Honduras & El Salvador due to increased gang
violence and rumors of not being deported if they go to
the US
Education
GOV IMMIGRATION POLICIES
4 types of immigration policies in countries 1.Maintain the current level of immigration
(classified by UN) 2.Increase the level
3.Reduce the level
4.No policy
Unauthorized immigrants Immigrants without proper documents for immigration
5 characteristics of unauthorized immigrants: 1.Emigrated from Mexico or Latin American countries
1.Source country 2.1 in 2 immigrants are children. Children born in US by
2.Children immigrants are considered to be US citizens
3.Majority have stayed for over 10 years
3.Years in (the US) 4.Mostly work in labour intensive jobs. Contribute to 5%
4.Labour force of US labour force
5.Highest populations in California & Texas
5.Distribution
4 Classes of Immigrants Canada accepts:
Economic immigrant People who will contribute to Canada;s economy by
helping meet labour market needs in the country.
Immigrant sponsored by family Immigrants granted permanent resident status from being
sponsored by family who are citizens or permanent
residents.
Refugee Immigrants facing persecution who apply for refugee
protection or referred from organizations/ private
sponsors
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