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Summary AP Human Geography Urban Geography Unit
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- 12th Grade
Summary notes on AP human geography Urban unit
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HUG URBAN PLANNINGUrban Morphology A city’s layout; its physical form & structure
Urban Built-up space of central city+suburbs
Includes city+surrounding environs connected to city
Non rural non agricultural
Urbanization The process by which people live and are employed in a city
Where were first cities Mesopotamia, Nile River Valley, Indus River Valley, Huang He
River Valley, Mesoamerica, Peru
- Why, what allowed for those cities Served as econ nodes, chief marketplaces, anchors of
to dev culture+society, focal pts of power/authority
Pops grew with steady food supply+sedentary lifestyle
Ppl migrated out fr hearth diffusing knowledge of
agriculture+urbanization
Where in the world are we most urbanized Africa+Asia least urbanized
least urbanized, fastest growing NA most urbanized
Africa+Asia Fastest growing (?)
suburb residential or commercial area situated within an urban area
but outside central city
Explain suburbanization process by which lands that were previously outside of urban
environment becomes urbanized, as people and businesses
from the city move to these spaces
Why did people move to the suburbs Affordability, access to rail & road transport
Larger homes, private yards, modern schools
How did suburbs develop, cause decay in Since the 1980’s, suburban cities compete with the central city
the city centre (know history of for leading urban economic activities
urbanization in world) Suburbanization rapidly creates distinct urban regions
complete with industrial, commercial, and educational
components
CBD definition (Central business district) compact, less than 1% of urban land area but contains a large
% of public business and consumer services (ex. Downtown)
Inner city central area of a major city; low income residential districts in
the city and nearby areas
area near the center of city often associated with deteriorating
architecture + social issues
Formed due to urban decay
Site absolute location, often chosen for its advantages in trade or
defense, or as a center for religious practice
relative location based on its role in the larger, surrounding
Situation context (changes with times)
Primate cities a country’s leading city, always disproportionately large and
, exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling
Ex. Paris, London, Mexico City, Bangkok (Thailand)
megacity primate cities in developing countries, where the city has a
large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in-migration,
and a strained, inadequate infrastructure
Questions on models SA cities blend traditional elements of South American culture
How do cities in NA compare to cities in with globalization forces that are reshaping urban scenes,
Central A. Mexico, Latin cities combining radial sectors and concentric zones
What is EU city compared to NA more compact+walkable than US
African City compared to NA more people live downtown in cities
imprint of European colonialism, major cities remain western
-The central city often consists of not one but three
CBDs (1. Remnant of colonial 2. Informal 3.
How is SE A city compared to NA city Transitional business center)
predominantly rural
One of the fastest growing cities
inner city ghetto in US and developing in the developing world, a sea of slum development begins
world has slums/shanty towns: why is where the permanent buildings end, in some cases engulfing
there a diff the central city due to lack of zoning enforcement
-gov do not have resources to adequately educate,
medicate, police the burgeoning populations or enforce
regulations
-millions of migrants travel to such environments
Shantytowns: unplanned groups of crude dwellings and shelters made of
scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboard that develop around
cities
What is the problem with ghettos, how area Inadequate job skills, culture of poverty, homelessness, drugs,
of underprivileged evolved crime, inadequate services, municipal finances
Public housing + history -Housing owned by government and provisioned at low cost to
impoverished families
-during the mid-20th century, inner-city houses were
demolished and replaced with public housing
-several decades later, public houses were considered
unsatisfactory and have been also demolished
-overall funding lowered, supply and other gov-subsidized
housing diminished
underprivileged, segregation/racist policies - Ex. gated communities
in urban planning
Redlining real estate practiced in North America where members of
minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to
purchase homes / property in predominantly white
neighbourhoods (not txt book definition)
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