Exam (elaborations)
68W ALC Phase 3, LPC
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68W ALC Phase 3, LPC
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68W ALC Phase 3, LPCpharmacology - ANS-study of substances that interact with living organisms through
chemical processes
medical pharmacology - ANS-science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and
treat disease
indication - ANS-reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose - ANS-amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose - ANS-amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose - ANS-the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within
a period of time
cumulative dose - ANS-sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength - ANS-amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration - ANS-administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity
to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication - ANS-medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication - ANS-medical reason to NEVER give a medication
relative contraindication - ANS-medical reason a medication should not be given, but
may be acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy - ANS-immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced
by exposure to a particular medication
side effect - ANS-unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which
may require a medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect - ANS-desired change in physiology for administering the medication
,therapeutic level - ANS-blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic
effect
toxic level - ANS-blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
therapeutic range - ANS-variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic
level and the toxic level
therapeutic window - ANS-range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to
keep blood levels within the therapeutic range
peak - ANS-when medication is at its highest concentration
trough - ANS-lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life - ANS-time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state - ANS-relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after
5-6 half lives of a medication
tolerance - ANS-when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now
requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
resistance - ANS-when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either
higher doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the
organisms
metabolism - ANS-process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most
metabolized by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval - ANS-recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset - ANS-time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect - ANS-time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy - ANS-length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure
the desired effect is maintained
, dosing parameters - ANS-the limitations, considerations, and instructions required
regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side
effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - ANS-What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - ANS--too little: not achieve
therapeutic effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - ANS-Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing - ANS-Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical
properties in the cell's membrane.
Gram positive - ANS-Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan - ANS-the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium
cell wall
Gram Negative - ANS-the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic
membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
Aerobic - ANS-bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Anaerobic - ANS-bacteria that grow well in the absence of oxygen
Viruses and fungi - ANS-Antibiotics are not effective on what?
Sexually or asexually - ANS-How do fungi reproduce
Penicillin - ANS-Effective against gram positive aerobic organisms
1st Gen Cephalosporin - ANS-Effective against gram positive bacteria
2nd Gen Cephalosporin - ANS-Effective against gram positive bacteria
3rd Gen Cephalosporin - ANS-Effective against both gram positive and negative
bacteria
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