Exam (elaborations)
PHIL150 Midterm
Exam of 9 pages for the course studies at studies (PHIL150 Midterm)
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PHIL150 MidtermArgument - CORRECT ANSWER-collection of sentences that attempt to
establish that some conclusion is true
two central features of an argument - CORRECT ANSWER-1. trying to convince
us of something
(conclusion)
2. supplies evidence in support of the thing being proved (premise)
Validity - CORRECT ANSWER-an argument is valid when, IF all of its premises
were true, then the conclusion would also HAVE to be true
Sound Argument - CORRECT ANSWER-valid
true premises
Definitions - CORRECT ANSWER-Necessary Conditions: every member has
these features
Sufficient Conditions: everything with these features is a member
3 definitions of technology - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Tech as hardware
- physical object
not naturally occuring
- fulfills intended function
2. Tech as software
- refers to kind of activity
3. Tech as applied science
- tech emerges out of science (problem: accidental discoveries)
3 Theories of Terms - CORRECT ANSWER-1. real definition: real, objective
categories, we didnt just make it up
2. stipulitive definition: aren't discovering but creating
3. reportative definition: description of use
Method of Doubt - CORRECT ANSWER-a way of searching for certainty by
systematically though tentatively doubting everything
, Skepticism - CORRECT ANSWER-believing nothing at all, suspending
judgement, forming no beliefs about the world whatsoever
the one certain thing all knowledge can be hoisted upon, according to Descartes
- CORRECT ANSWER-I think, Therefore I am (I exist)
Philosophy of knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER-epistimology
Philosophy of the natural world - CORRECT ANSWER-metaphysics
philosophy of morals - CORRECT ANSWER-ethics
Brain in Vat (CASE) - CORRECT ANSWER-- stimulating brains experiences
- no way to know this isn't the case for you right now
External World Skepticism ARGUMENT - CORRECT ANSWER-1. you are not
justified in believing you're not in a simulation
2. if 1), then you're not justified in believing you have hands
3. Therefore, you're not justified in believing you have hands.
(Therefore, skepticism is true, and we should suspend judgement)
Moorean Shift - CORRECT ANSWER-The first premise is the opposite of the
conclusion of the opponent's argument. This premise is used to reason against
one of opponent's premises.
Example of skepticism argument VS Moorean Shift - CORRECT
ANSWER-Skepticism:
1. you cannot demonstrate that you are not a BIV
2. If you cannot demonstrate that you are not a BIV, then none of your beliefs
about the external, physical world are justified (in which case, you don't even
know if you have hands)
3. Therefore, You do not know that you have hands.
MOOREAN SHIFT:
1. You DO know that you have hands
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