PMB 3212 Exam 2
Resolution - ANS-Shortest distance between 2 points that can still be distinguished by
the observer
Chitin - ANS-A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility in a fungal cell wall
Heterotrophic - ANS-Gain energy from 'captured' organic nutrients (i.e. cannot
manufacture their own energy, like phototrophs/autotrophs)
Spitzenkorper - ANS-An organelle consisting of densely packed secretory vesicles that
is located at elongating hyphal tips in filamentous fungi
Ergosterol - ANS-A sterol in fungal plasma membranes enabling fluidity and
permeability (similar to the function of cholesterol in animals)
Modular component 'organs' - ANS-Complex, multi-cellular structures have little or no
cell or tissue differentiation (simple building blocks create different structures)
Fungal Turgor - ANS-Hydrostatic pressure created by water influx into fungal cells,
resulting in the plasma membrane swelling against the more rigid cell wall
Cell wall - ANS-Part of a fungal cell Extracellular Matrix (ECM), a structural and
regulatory encapsulation (porous) of the plasma membrane (secreted proteins +
polysaccharides)
A key structural role for fungal cell walls is rigidity and tensile strength
Structural compounds in the cell wall - ANS-Mannoproteins, alpha-linked Mannose,
Chitin, and the beta-glucans
Chitosan - ANS-Often this de-activated variety of chitin is found alongside chitin
β-1,3-Glucan - ANS-β-1,3-linked glucose, in glucan chain that twists into triple helix with
H-bonding (often most abundant polymer in fungal wall)
β-1,6-Glucan - ANS-β-1,6-linked glucose, in glucan chain that increases polymer
branching
α-Linked Mannose - ANS-6-Carbon sugars linked
, Mannoproteins - ANS-Proteins linked to mannose as a glycoprotein (carbohydrate +
protein)
Glucan synthases - ANS-Membrane-associated enzymes involved in the synthesis of
chitin, etc.
Phospholipid bilayer - ANS-Sheet of phospholipids oriented with hydrophilic surfaces
facing 'out' encapsulating a hydrophobic 'middle'
Peripheral proteins - ANS-Non-covalently associated proteins membrane surface
Transmembrane proteins - ANS-Covalently associated proteins spanning bilayer
Symporter - ANS-A carrier protein that moves amino acids, sugars, etc. as
"co-transport" alongside passive ion influx.
Carrier protein - ANS-transmembrane; moves molecules across membrane against a
concentration gradient
Antiporter - ANS-A carrier protein that moves molecules (often salts) against the 'flow' of
passive ion influx, as by-directional 'exchange.'
Secretion - ANS-Export from cell
Endocytosis - ANS-Import into cell
Nucleus - ANS-Central location for DNA, the 'blueprint of life,' where transcription (DNA
-> RNA) occurs & translation (RNA -> Gene product (eg, protein) is initiated
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ANS-Translation final steps and gene product 'assembly
center'
Cisternae - ANS-stacks of membrane-bound sacs
'Rough' ER - ANS-Studded with ribosomes on the surface
'Smooth' ER - ANS-Lacking ribosomes
Resolution - ANS-Shortest distance between 2 points that can still be distinguished by
the observer
Chitin - ANS-A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility in a fungal cell wall
Heterotrophic - ANS-Gain energy from 'captured' organic nutrients (i.e. cannot
manufacture their own energy, like phototrophs/autotrophs)
Spitzenkorper - ANS-An organelle consisting of densely packed secretory vesicles that
is located at elongating hyphal tips in filamentous fungi
Ergosterol - ANS-A sterol in fungal plasma membranes enabling fluidity and
permeability (similar to the function of cholesterol in animals)
Modular component 'organs' - ANS-Complex, multi-cellular structures have little or no
cell or tissue differentiation (simple building blocks create different structures)
Fungal Turgor - ANS-Hydrostatic pressure created by water influx into fungal cells,
resulting in the plasma membrane swelling against the more rigid cell wall
Cell wall - ANS-Part of a fungal cell Extracellular Matrix (ECM), a structural and
regulatory encapsulation (porous) of the plasma membrane (secreted proteins +
polysaccharides)
A key structural role for fungal cell walls is rigidity and tensile strength
Structural compounds in the cell wall - ANS-Mannoproteins, alpha-linked Mannose,
Chitin, and the beta-glucans
Chitosan - ANS-Often this de-activated variety of chitin is found alongside chitin
β-1,3-Glucan - ANS-β-1,3-linked glucose, in glucan chain that twists into triple helix with
H-bonding (often most abundant polymer in fungal wall)
β-1,6-Glucan - ANS-β-1,6-linked glucose, in glucan chain that increases polymer
branching
α-Linked Mannose - ANS-6-Carbon sugars linked
, Mannoproteins - ANS-Proteins linked to mannose as a glycoprotein (carbohydrate +
protein)
Glucan synthases - ANS-Membrane-associated enzymes involved in the synthesis of
chitin, etc.
Phospholipid bilayer - ANS-Sheet of phospholipids oriented with hydrophilic surfaces
facing 'out' encapsulating a hydrophobic 'middle'
Peripheral proteins - ANS-Non-covalently associated proteins membrane surface
Transmembrane proteins - ANS-Covalently associated proteins spanning bilayer
Symporter - ANS-A carrier protein that moves amino acids, sugars, etc. as
"co-transport" alongside passive ion influx.
Carrier protein - ANS-transmembrane; moves molecules across membrane against a
concentration gradient
Antiporter - ANS-A carrier protein that moves molecules (often salts) against the 'flow' of
passive ion influx, as by-directional 'exchange.'
Secretion - ANS-Export from cell
Endocytosis - ANS-Import into cell
Nucleus - ANS-Central location for DNA, the 'blueprint of life,' where transcription (DNA
-> RNA) occurs & translation (RNA -> Gene product (eg, protein) is initiated
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - ANS-Translation final steps and gene product 'assembly
center'
Cisternae - ANS-stacks of membrane-bound sacs
'Rough' ER - ANS-Studded with ribosomes on the surface
'Smooth' ER - ANS-Lacking ribosomes
